Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂egʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂egʰ-^[1]^[2]^[3]

to be upset, afraid

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂egʰ- (12 c, 0 e)

*h₂e-h₂ógʰ-e ~ *h₂e-h₂gʰ-ḗr (perfect)
^? *h₂gʰ-néw-ti ~ *h₂gʰ-nw-énti^[3]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἄχνυμαι (ákhnumai) (or from *h₂emǵʰ-^[4])
*h₂ogʰ-éye-ti (causative)^[3]
- Proto-Germanic: *agijaną
  - Gothic: *𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*agjan)
*h₂e-h₂ogʰ-éye-ti (innovated causative with reduplication)
- Proto-Germanic: *ōgijaną (see there for further descendants)
*h₂égʰ-os ~ *h₂égʰ-es-os
*h₂egʰ-ó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hagʰás (see there for further descendants)
*h₂egʰ-l-
- *h₂egʰ-l-éh₂
  - >? Proto-Germanic: *aglǭ
    - Gothic: 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐍉 (aglō)
- *h₂egʰ-l-o-
  - Proto-Celtic: *aglo-
    - ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *aglotus
      - Middle Irish: álad
        Irish: áladh
    - ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *agletos
      - Welsh: aeled
    - ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *aglātos
      - Welsh: aelawd
  - Proto-Germanic: *aglaz
    - Gothic: 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐍃 (agls)
- *h₂egʰ-l-u-
  - Proto-Germanic: *agluz (see there for further descendants)
- *h₂ogʰ-l-éye-ti (causative)
  - Proto-Hellenic:
    - >? Ancient Greek: ὀχλέω (okhléō, “to vex, harass”)
- Unsorted:
  - Proto-Celtic:
    - Old Irish: áil (“ignomy, insult”)

References

^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 257
^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[3]

[1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[LIV-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 257

[4] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[3]

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