ἤπειρος
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *ā́peřřos, from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₂per- (Beekes) or *h₂eh₁/h₂per-io- (Kroonen). Cognates include Proto-Germanic *ōferaz and possibly Old Armenian ափն (apʻn); see those for more. If the appurtenance of Armenian is accepted, we may be dealing with a heteroclitic r/n-stem.
According to Specht apud Olsen, this Indo-European root is a vrddhi derivative from the etymon of Sanskrit अपर (ápara, “posterior, later, latter”).
In relation with al. Ufer, asaj. ōfer 'firm land'
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɛ̌ː.peː.ros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈe̝.pi.ros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈi.pi.ros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈi.pi.ros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈi.pi.ros/
Noun
ἤπειρος • (ḗpeiros) f (genitive ἠπείρου); second declension
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ ἤπειρος hē ḗpeiros |
τὼ ἠπείρω tṑ ēpeírō |
αἱ ἤπειροι hai ḗpeiroi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς ἠπείρου tês ēpeírou |
τοῖν ἠπείροιν toîn ēpeíroin |
τῶν ἠπείρων tôn ēpeírōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ ἠπείρῳ tēî ēpeírōi |
τοῖν ἠπείροιν toîn ēpeíroin |
ταῖς ἠπείροις taîs ēpeírois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν ἤπειρον tḕn ḗpeiron |
τὼ ἠπείρω tṑ ēpeírō |
τᾱ̀ς ἠπείρους tā̀s ēpeírous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ἤπειρε ḗpeire |
ἠπείρω ēpeírō |
ἤπειροι ḗpeiroi | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἤπειρος ḗpeiros |
ἠπείρω ēpeírō |
ἤπειροι ḗpeiroi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | ἠπείρου / ἠπειροῖο / ἠπείροιο / ἠπειρόο / ἠπείροο ēpeírou / ēpeiroîo / ēpeíroio / ēpeiróo / ēpeíroo |
ἠπείροιν / ἠπείροιῐν ēpeíroi(ĭ)n |
ἠπείρων ēpeírōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | ἠπείρῳ ēpeírōi |
ἠπείροιν / ἠπείροιῐν ēpeíroi(ĭ)n |
ἠπείροισῐ / ἠπείροισῐν / ἠπείροις ēpeíroisĭ(n) / ēpeírois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | ἤπειρον ḗpeiron |
ἠπείρω ēpeírō |
ἠπείρους ēpeírous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ἤπειρε ḗpeire |
ἠπείρω ēpeírō |
ἤπειροι ḗpeiroi | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Greek: ήπειρος (ípeiros)
- → English: eperopolis
Further reading
- “ἤπειρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἤπειρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἤπειρος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἤπειρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἤπειρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ōf(e)ra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 394
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἤπειρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 523
- Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 136
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “āpero-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 53