ῥάπτω
See also: ράπτω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Of unclear origin. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend, turn”), and compared with Latin verber (“lash, whip”), Proto-Germanic *warpą (“warp”),[1] but this is phonetically impossible. The connections with ῥέπω (rhépō, “to incline”) and ῥέμβω (rhémbō, “to turn in circles”) are not certain, and the traditionally compared Lithuanian ver̃pti (“to sew”) is likely not cognate, due to the discovery of a Hellenic cognate in Mycenaean Greek [script needed] (e-ra-pe-me-na) and its initial e- precluding a relation.[2]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /r̥áp.tɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈrap.to/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈrap.to/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈrap.to/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈrap.to/
Verb
ῥᾰ́πτω • (rhắptō)
- to sew
Inflection
Present: ῥᾰ́πτω, ῥᾰ́πτομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ῥᾰ́πτω | ῥᾰ́πτεις | ῥᾰ́πτει | ῥᾰ́πτετον | ῥᾰ́πτετον | ῥᾰ́πτομεν | ῥᾰ́πτετε | ῥᾰ́πτουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ῥᾰ́πτω | ῥᾰ́πτῃς | ῥᾰ́πτῃ | ῥᾰ́πτητον | ῥᾰ́πτητον | ῥᾰ́πτωμεν | ῥᾰ́πτητε | ῥᾰ́πτωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ῥᾰ́πτοιμῐ | ῥᾰ́πτοις | ῥᾰ́πτοι | ῥᾰ́πτοιτον | ῥᾰπτοίτην | ῥᾰ́πτοιμεν | ῥᾰ́πτοιτε | ῥᾰ́πτοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ῥᾰ́πτε | ῥᾰπτέτω | ῥᾰ́πτετον | ῥᾰπτέτων | ῥᾰ́πτετε | ῥᾰπτόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ῥᾰ́πτομαι | ῥᾰ́πτῃ / ῥᾰ́πτει | ῥᾰ́πτεται | ῥᾰ́πτεσθον | ῥᾰ́πτεσθον | ῥᾰπτόμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́πτεσθε | ῥᾰ́πτονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ῥᾰ́πτωμαι | ῥᾰ́πτῃ | ῥᾰ́πτηται | ῥᾰ́πτησθον | ῥᾰ́πτησθον | ῥᾰπτώμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́πτησθε | ῥᾰ́πτωνται | |||||
| optative | ῥᾰπτοίμην | ῥᾰ́πτοιο | ῥᾰ́πτοιτο | ῥᾰ́πτοισθον | ῥᾰπτοίσθην | ῥᾰπτοίμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́πτοισθε | ῥᾰ́πτοιντο | |||||
| imperative | ῥᾰ́πτου | ῥᾰπτέσθω | ῥᾰ́πτεσθον | ῥᾰπτέσθων | ῥᾰ́πτεσθε | ῥᾰπτέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῥᾰ́πτειν | ῥᾰ́πτεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ῥᾰ́πτων | ῥᾰπτόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ῥᾰ́πτουσᾰ | ῥᾰπτομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ῥᾰ́πτον | ῥᾰπτόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἔρρᾰπτον, ἐρρᾰπτόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔρρᾰπτον | ἔρρᾰπτες | ἔρρᾰπτε(ν) | ἐρρᾰ́πτετον | ἐρρᾰπτέτην | ἐρρᾰ́πτομεν | ἐρρᾰ́πτετε | ἔρρᾰπτον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐρρᾰπτόμην | ἐρρᾰ́πτου | ἐρρᾰ́πτετο | ἐρρᾰ́πτεσθον | ἐρρᾰπτέσθην | ἐρρᾰπτόμεθᾰ | ἐρρᾰ́πτεσθε | ἐρρᾰ́πτοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: ῥᾰ́ψω, ῥᾰ́ψομαι, ῥᾰφήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ῥᾰ́ψω | ῥᾰ́ψεις | ῥᾰ́ψει | ῥᾰ́ψετον | ῥᾰ́ψετον | ῥᾰ́ψομεν | ῥᾰ́ψετε | ῥᾰ́ψουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | ῥᾰ́ψοιμῐ | ῥᾰ́ψοις | ῥᾰ́ψοι | ῥᾰ́ψοιτον | ῥᾰψοίτην | ῥᾰ́ψοιμεν | ῥᾰ́ψοιτε | ῥᾰ́ψοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | ῥᾰ́ψομαι | ῥᾰ́ψῃ / ῥᾰ́ψει | ῥᾰ́ψεται | ῥᾰ́ψεσθον | ῥᾰ́ψεσθον | ῥᾰψόμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́ψεσθε | ῥᾰ́ψονται | ||||
| optative | ῥᾰψοίμην | ῥᾰ́ψοιο | ῥᾰ́ψοιτο | ῥᾰ́ψοισθον | ῥᾰψοίσθην | ῥᾰψοίμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́ψοισθε | ῥᾰ́ψοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | ῥᾰφήσομαι | ῥᾰφήσῃ | ῥᾰφήσεται | ῥᾰφήσεσθον | ῥᾰφήσεσθον | ῥᾰφησόμεθᾰ | ῥᾰφήσεσθε | ῥᾰφήσονται | ||||
| optative | ῥᾰφησοίμην | ῥᾰφήσοιο | ῥᾰφήσοιτο | ῥᾰφήσοισθον | ῥᾰφησοίσθην | ῥᾰφησοίμεθᾰ | ῥᾰφήσοισθε | ῥᾰφήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ῥᾰ́ψειν | ῥᾰ́ψεσθαι | ῥᾰφήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ῥᾰ́ψων | ῥᾰψόμενος | ῥᾰφησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | ῥᾰ́ψουσᾰ | ῥᾰψομένη | ῥᾰφησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | ῥᾰ́ψον | ῥᾰψόμενον | ῥᾰφησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἔρρᾰψᾰ, ἐρρᾰψᾰ́μην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔρρᾰψᾰ | ἔρρᾰψᾰς | ἔρρᾰψε(ν) | ἐρρᾰ́ψᾰτον | ἐρρᾰψᾰ́την | ἐρρᾰ́ψᾰμεν | ἐρρᾰ́ψᾰτε | ἔρρᾰψᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ῥᾰ́ψω | ῥᾰ́ψῃς | ῥᾰ́ψῃ | ῥᾰ́ψητον | ῥᾰ́ψητον | ῥᾰ́ψωμεν | ῥᾰ́ψητε | ῥᾰ́ψωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ῥᾰ́ψαιμῐ | ῥᾰ́ψειᾰς / ῥᾰ́ψαις | ῥᾰ́ψειε(ν) / ῥᾰ́ψαι | ῥᾰ́ψαιτον | ῥᾰψαίτην | ῥᾰ́ψαιμεν | ῥᾰ́ψαιτε | ῥᾰ́ψειᾰν / ῥᾰ́ψαιεν | |||||
| imperative | ῥᾰ́ψον | ῥᾰψᾰ́τω | ῥᾰ́ψᾰτον | ῥᾰψᾰ́των | ῥᾰ́ψᾰτε | ῥᾰψᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐρρᾰψᾰ́μην | ἐρρᾰ́ψω | ἐρρᾰ́ψᾰτο | ἐρρᾰ́ψᾰσθον | ἐρρᾰψᾰ́σθην | ἐρρᾰψᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐρρᾰ́ψᾰσθε | ἐρρᾰ́ψᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ῥᾰ́ψωμαι | ῥᾰ́ψῃ | ῥᾰ́ψηται | ῥᾰ́ψησθον | ῥᾰ́ψησθον | ῥᾰψώμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́ψησθε | ῥᾰ́ψωνται | |||||
| optative | ῥᾰψαίμην | ῥᾰ́ψαιο | ῥᾰ́ψαιτο | ῥᾰ́ψαισθον | ῥᾰψαίσθην | ῥᾰψαίμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́ψαισθε | ῥᾰ́ψαιντο | |||||
| imperative | ῥᾰ́ψαι | ῥᾰψᾰ́σθω | ῥᾰ́ψᾰσθον | ῥᾰψᾰ́σθων | ῥᾰ́ψᾰσθε | ῥᾰψᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῥᾰ́ψαι | ῥᾰ́ψᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ῥᾰ́ψᾱς | ῥᾰψᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
| f | ῥᾰ́ψᾱσᾰ | ῥᾰψᾰμένη | |||||||||||
| n | ῥᾰ́ψᾰν | ῥᾰψᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἔρρᾰφον, ἐρρᾰφόμην, ἐρρᾰ́φην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔρρᾰφον | ἔρρᾰφες | ἔρρᾰφε(ν) | ἐρρᾰ́φετον | ἐρρᾰφέτην | ἐρρᾰ́φομεν | ἐρρᾰ́φετε | ἔρρᾰφον | ||||
| subjunctive | ῥᾰ́φω | ῥᾰ́φῃς | ῥᾰ́φῃ | ῥᾰ́φητον | ῥᾰ́φητον | ῥᾰ́φωμεν | ῥᾰ́φητε | ῥᾰ́φωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ῥᾰ́φοιμῐ | ῥᾰ́φοις | ῥᾰ́φοι | ῥᾰ́φοιτον | ῥᾰφοίτην | ῥᾰ́φοιμεν | ῥᾰ́φοιτε | ῥᾰ́φοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ῥᾰ́φε | ῥᾰφέτω | ῥᾰ́φετον | ῥᾰφέτων | ῥᾰ́φετε | ῥᾰφόντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐρρᾰφόμην | ἐρρᾰ́φου | ἐρρᾰ́φετο | ἐρρᾰ́φεσθον | ἐρρᾰφέσθην | ἐρρᾰφόμεθᾰ | ἐρρᾰ́φεσθε | ἐρρᾰ́φοντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ῥᾰ́φωμαι | ῥᾰ́φῃ | ῥᾰ́φηται | ῥᾰ́φησθον | ῥᾰ́φησθον | ῥᾰφώμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́φησθε | ῥᾰ́φωνται | |||||
| optative | ῥᾰφοίμην | ῥᾰ́φοιο | ῥᾰ́φοιτο | ῥᾰ́φοισθον | ῥᾰφοίσθην | ῥᾰφοίμεθᾰ | ῥᾰ́φοισθε | ῥᾰ́φοιντο | |||||
| imperative | ῥᾰφοῦ | ῥᾰφέσθω | ῥᾰ́φεσθον | ῥᾰφέσθων | ῥᾰ́φεσθε | ῥᾰφέσθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐρρᾰ́φην | ἐρρᾰ́φης | ἐρρᾰ́φη | ἐρρᾰ́φητον | ἐρρᾰφήτην | ἐρρᾰ́φημεν | ἐρρᾰ́φητε | ἐρρᾰ́φησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ῥᾰφῶ | ῥᾰφῇς | ῥᾰφῇ | ῥᾰφῆτον | ῥᾰφῆτον | ῥᾰφῶμεν | ῥᾰφῆτε | ῥᾰφῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ῥᾰφείην | ῥᾰφείης | ῥᾰφείη | ῥᾰφεῖτον / ῥᾰφείητον | ῥᾰφείτην / ῥᾰφειήτην | ῥᾰφεῖμεν / ῥᾰφείημεν | ῥᾰφεῖτε / ῥᾰφείητε | ῥᾰφεῖεν / ῥᾰφείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | ῥᾰ́φηθῐ | ῥᾰφήτω | ῥᾰ́φητον | ῥᾰφήτων | ῥᾰ́φητε | ῥᾰφέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ῥᾰφεῖν | ῥᾰφέσθαι | ῥᾰφῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ῥᾰφών | ῥᾰφόμενος | ῥᾰφείς | |||||||||
| f | ῥᾰφοῦσᾰ | ῥᾰφομένη | ῥᾰφεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | ῥᾰφόν | ῥᾰφόμενον | ῥᾰφέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: ἔρρᾰμμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἔρρᾰμμαι | ἔρρᾰψαι | ἔρρᾰπται | ἔρρᾰφθον | ἔρρᾰφθον | ἐρρᾰ́μμεθᾰ | ἔρρᾰφθε | ἐρρᾰ́φᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐρρᾰμμένος ὦ | ἐρρᾰμμένος ᾖς | ἐρρᾰμμένος ᾖ | ἐρρᾰμμένω ἦτον | ἐρρᾰμμένω ἦτον | ἐρρᾰμμένοι ὦμεν | ἐρρᾰμμένοι ἦτε | ἐρρᾰμμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἐρρᾰμμένος εἴην | ἐρρᾰμμένος εἴης | ἐρρᾰμμένος εἴη | ἐρρᾰμμένω εἴητον / εἶτον | ἐρρᾰμμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην | ἐρρᾰμμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν | ἐρρᾰμμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε | ἐρρᾰμμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | ἔρρᾰψο | ἐρρᾰ́φθω | ἔρρᾰφθον | ἐρρᾰ́φθων | ἔρρᾰφθε | ἐρρᾰ́φθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐρρᾰ́φθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐρρᾰμμένος | |||||||||||
| f | ἐρρᾰμμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ἐρρᾰμμένον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐρραφήκειν / ἐρραφήκη, ἐρρᾰ́μμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐρραφήκειν / ἐρραφήκη | ἐρραφήκεις / ἐρραφήκης | ἐρραφήκει(ν) | ἐρραφήκετον | ἐρραφηκέτην | ἐρραφήκεμεν | ἐρραφήκετε | ἐρραφήκεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐρρᾰ́μμην | ἔρρᾰψο | ἔρρᾰπτο | ἔρρᾰφθον | ἐρρᾰ́φθην | ἐρρᾰ́μμεθᾰ | ἔρρᾰφθε | ἐρρᾰ́φᾰτο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀναρράπτω (anarrháptō)
- ἀπορράπτω (aporrháptō)
- διαρράπτω (diarrháptō)
- εἰσράπτω (eisráptō)
- ἐνράπτω (enráptō)
- ἐπιρράπτω (epirrháptō)
- καταρράπτω (katarrháptō)
- μεταρράπτω (metarrháptō)
- νευρορρᾰ́φος (neurorrhắphos)
- πᾰλαιορᾰ́φος (pălaiorắphos)
- παραρράπτομαι (pararrháptomai)
- περιρράπτω (perirrháptō)
- προσράπτω (prosráptō)
- -ρραφία (-rrhaphía)
- συρράπτω (surrháptō)
- ὑπορράπτω (huporrháptō)
Related terms
References
- ^ “orv”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy][1] (in Swedish), 1937
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ῥάπτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1275-6
Further reading
- “ῥάπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ῥάπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ῥάπτω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ῥάπτω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ῥάπτω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963