上流

Chinese

		up; on; on top up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up	to flow; to spread; to circulate to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move
trad. (上流)		上	流
simp. ^#(上流)		上	流

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shàngliú

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng⁶ lau⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): song-liù
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siōng-liû / siāng-liû

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shàngliú
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shànglióu
  - Wade–Giles: shang⁴-liu²
  - Yale: shàng-lyóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanqliou
  - Palladius: шанлю (šanlju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: soeng⁶ lau⁴
  - Yale: seuhng làuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soeng⁶ lau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêng⁶ leo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ²² lɐu̯²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    上僂 / 上偻
    上流
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: song-liù
  - Hakka Romanization System: song liu^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: song⁴ liu²
  - Sinological IPA: /soŋ⁵⁵ li̯u¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng-liû
  - Tâi-lô: siōng-liû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sioxngliuu
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² liu²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ liu²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siāng-liû
  - Tâi-lô: siāng-liû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siaxngliuu
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/

Noun

上流

upstream; upper reaches (of a river etc.)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (上流):

→ Japanese: 上流(じょうりゅう) (jōryū)
→ Korean: 상류(上流) (sangnyu)
→ Vietnamese: thượng lưu (上流)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
上	流
じょう Grade: 1	りゅう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じょーりゅう [jòóryúú] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑo̞ːɾʲɨː]

Noun

上(じょう)流(りゅう) • (jōryū)

the upper reaches of a stream, river, etc.
the upper classes

Antonyms

下流(かりゅう) (karyū)

Korean

Hanja in this term
上	流

Noun

上流 • (sangnyu) (hangeul 상류)

hanja form^? of 상류 (“upper reaches”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
上	流

Noun

上流

chữ Hán form of thượng lưu (“upper reaches”)