上游

Chinese

		up; on; on top up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up	to walk; to tour; to roam to walk; to tour; to roam; to swim; to travel
simp. and trad. (上游)		上	游

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shàngyóu

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ ㄧㄡˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng⁶ jau⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): song-yù

(Hailu, HRS): shong^˖ rhiu
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siōng-iû / siāng-iû

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shàngyóu
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ ㄧㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shàngyóu
  - Wade–Giles: shang⁴-yu²
  - Yale: shàng-yóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanqyou
  - Palladius: шанъю (šanʺju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    上油
    上游
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: soeng⁶ jau⁴
  - Yale: seuhng yàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soeng⁶ jau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêng⁶ yeo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ²² jɐu̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: song-yù
  - Hakka Romanization System: song iu^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: song⁴ yiu²
  - Sinological IPA: /soŋ⁵⁵ i̯u¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: song-yù
  - Hakka Romanization System: song (r)iu^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: song⁴ yiu²
  - Sinological IPA: /soŋ⁵⁵ (j)i̯u¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: shong^˖ rhiu
  - Sinological IPA: /ʃoŋ³³ ʒiu⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng-iû
  - Tâi-lô: siōng-iû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sioxng'iuu
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² iu²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ iu²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ iu²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ iu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siāng-iû
  - Tâi-lô: siāng-iû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siaxng'iuu
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ²²⁻²¹ iu¹³/

Middle Chinese: dzyangH yuw

Rime
Character	上	游
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	時亮切	以周切
Baxter	dzyangH	yuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨɐŋ^H/	/jɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɐŋ^H/	/jiu/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiɑŋ^H/	/iəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨaŋ^H/	/juw/
Li Rong	/ʑiaŋ^H/	/iu/
Wang Li	/ʑĭaŋ^H/	/jĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯aŋ^H/	/i̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shàng	yóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	soeng⁶	jau⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*daŋʔ-s [N-]ru/

(Zhengzhang): /*djaŋs lu/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	上	游	游
Reading #	3/3	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shàng	yóu	yóu
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyang^H ›	‹ yuw ›	‹ yuw ›
Old Chinese	/*daŋʔ-s/	/*[N-]ru/	/*[N-]ru/
English	top, above (n.)	float, swim	float, swim
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	上	游
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	11103	15545
Phonetic component	上	斿
Rime group	陽	幽
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	尚	猷
Old Chinese	/*djaŋs/	/*lu/

Noun

上游

upper reaches; upstream portion of a river
(figuratively) favourable position; advantage; edge
(figuratively) (one's) superior; superordinate
(open-source software) upstream

Synonyms

(upper reaches): (Hokkien) 溪頭／溪头 (Xītóu)

Antonyms

下游 (xiàyóu)