下方
Chinese
under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter |
square; quadrilateral; place square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (下方) |
下 | 方 |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): haa6 fong1
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hā-hong
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6gho-faon
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xiàfāng
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄈㄤ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siàfang
- Wade–Giles: hsia4-fang1
- Yale: syà-fāng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiahfang
- Palladius: сяфан (sjafan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: haa6 fong1
- Yale: hah fōng
- Cantonese Pinyin: haa6 fong1
- Guangdong Romanization: ha6 fong1
- Sinological IPA (key): /haː²² fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hā-hong
- Tâi-lô: hā-hong
- Phofsit Daibuun: haxhofng
- IPA (Xiamen): /ha²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ha⁴¹⁻²² hɔŋ³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ha²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /ha³³⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ha³³⁻²¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
Noun
下方
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “lower part”): 上方 (shàngfāng)
Descendants
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
下 | 方 |
か Grade: 1 |
ほう Grade: 2 |
kan'on |
/ka pau/ → /kaɸau/ → /kaɸɔː/ → /kahoː/
From Middle Chinese 下方 (MC haeX pjang). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
Noun
- the lower part; an area below, downward
- Antonym: 上方 (jōhō)
- 予想を下方に修正する ― yosō o kahō ni shūsei suru ― revise expectations downward
Derived terms
- 下方修正 (kahō shūsei)
- 下方伸張 (kahō shinchō)
- 下方制御 (kahō seigyo)
- 下方置換 (kahō chikan)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
下 | 方 |
した Grade: 1 |
かた Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
下 | 方 |
した Grade: 1 |
かた > がた Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From 下 (shita, “below, down, under”) + 方 (kata, “person”).
Sometimes pronounced with rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation
Noun
下方 or 下方 • (shitakata or shitagata)
- a low rank, subordinate
Proper noun
下方 • (Shitakata)
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
下 | 方 |
しも Grade: 1 |
かた Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
下 | 方 |
しも Grade: 1 |
かた > がた Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From 下 (shimo, “lower”) + 方 (kata, “person”).
Sometimes pronounced with rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation
Noun
下方 or 下方 • (shimokata or shimogata)
- a low rank, subordinate
Proper noun
下方 • (Shimokata)
Proper noun
下方 • (Shimogata)
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
下 | 方 |
した Grade: 1 |
さま > ざま Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi | irregular |
From 下 (shita, “below, down, under”) + 方 (sama, “appearance, style”).
The sama changes to zama as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Noun
下方 • (shitazama)
- synonym of 下様 (shimozama): a low rank, subordinate
- Antonym: 上方 (uezama)
References
Old Japanese
Etymology
From 下 (sita, “below, down, under”) + 邊 (-pe1, “location, direction”).
Noun
下方 (sitape1) (kana したへ)
- the land of the dead, underworld
- Synonyms: 根の國 (ne no2 kuni), 黃泉 (yo2mi2)
Descendants
- Japanese: 下方 (shitahe), in modern Japanese dictionaries