中古

Chinese

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Initial () (9) (28)
Final () (2) (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III I
Fanqie
Baxter trjuwng kuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʈɨuŋ/ /kuoX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈiuŋ/ /kuoX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȶiuŋ/ /koX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈuwŋ/ /kɔX/
Li
Rong
/ȶiuŋ/ /koX/
Wang
Li
/ȶĭuŋ/ /kuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ȶi̯uŋ/ /kuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zung1 gu2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhōng
Middle
Chinese
‹ trjuwng › ‹ kuX ›
Old
Chinese
/*truŋ/ /*kˁaʔ/
English center ancient

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 1/1
No. 17407 4219
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*tuŋ/ /*kaːʔ/

Etymology 1

middle old
simp. and trad.
(中古)

Adjective

中古

  1. middle(-aged) (as in Middle English, Middle Chinese, etc.)
Descendants
  • Mongolian: дундад эртний (dundad ertnii) (calque)

Noun

中古

  1. middle antiquity (from 3rd to 9th century)
Derived terms

Proper noun

中古

  1. the Middle Ages

Etymology 2

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese (ちゅう)() (chūko, secondhand).

Adjective

中古

  1. (Taiwan) used; second hand
Synonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Chinese; China; Sino- Cuba; Cuban
simp. and trad.
(中古)

Adjective

中古

  1. Sino-Cuban

Proper noun

中古

  1. China and Cuba

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
ちゅう
Grade: 1

Grade: 2
on'yomi kan'on

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) ちゅうこ [chùúkó] (Heiban – [0])[1][2] secondhand
  • (Tokyo) ちゅうこ [chúꜜùkò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2] medieval times; Early Middle Japanese
  • IPA(key): [t͡ɕɨːko̞]

Noun

(ちゅう)() • (chūkoちゆうこ (tyuuko)?

  1. a secondhand or used item
    Synonyms: セコハン (sekohan), セコンドハンド (sekondo-hando), セカンドハンド (sekando-hando)
  2. medieval times (in Japanese history, including the Heian period)
    Coordinate terms: 上古 (jōko), 近古 (kinko)
  3. short for 中古日本語 (Chūko Nihongo): Heian period Japanese; Early Middle Japanese
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
ちゅう
Grade: 1
ふる > ぶる
Grade: 2
jūbakoyomi

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) ちゅうぶる [chùúbúrú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [t͡ɕɨːbɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

Noun

(ちゅう)(ぶる) • (chūburu

  1. (slang) a secondhand or used item

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term

Noun

中古 • (junggo) (hangeul 중고)

  1. hanja form? of 중고 (secondhand)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Adjective

中古

  1. chữ Hán form of trung cổ (medieval)