上古

Chinese

		up; on; on top up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up	ancient; old
simp. and trad. (上古)		上	古

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shànggǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ ㄍㄨˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): soeng⁶ gu²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): siang⁵ gu²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): song-kú

(Hailu, HRS): shong^˖ gu^ˊ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siōng-kó͘ / siāng-kó͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shànggǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ ㄍㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shànggǔ
  - Wade–Giles: shang⁴-ku³
  - Yale: shàng-gǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanqguu
  - Palladius: шангу (šangu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    上古
    尚古
    上谷
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: soeng⁶ gu²
  - Yale: seuhng gú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soeng⁶ gu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêng⁶ gu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ²² kuː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: siang⁵ gu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siaŋ³² ku⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: song-kú
  - Hakka Romanization System: song gu^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: song⁴ gu³
  - Sinological IPA: /soŋ⁵⁵ ku³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: shong^˖ gu^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /ʃoŋ³³ ku²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng-kó͘
  - Tâi-lô: siōng-kóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sioxngkor
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siāng-kó͘
  - Tâi-lô: siāng-kóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siaxngkor
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ²²⁻²¹ kɔ⁵³/

Noun

上古

the distant past; ancient times; antiquity; early historical times
上古漢語／上古汉语 ― shànggǔ hànyǔ ― Old Chinese

Synonyms

edit

元古 (yuángǔ)
先代 (xiāndài) (literary)
先古 (xiāngǔ) (literary)
古代 (gǔdài)
古早 (gǔzǎo) (chiefly Min)
古早時 / 古早时 (Hokkien)
古時 / 古时 (gǔshí)
古清朝代 (Puxian Min)
太古 (tàigǔ) (often attributive)
曠古 / 旷古 (kuànggǔ)
絕代 / 绝代 (juédài) (literary)
遠古 / 远古 (yuǎngǔ)
邃古 (suìgǔ)

Derived terms

上古史 (shànggǔshǐ)
上古日語 / 上古日语 (shànggǔrìyǔ)
上古漢語 / 上古汉语 (shànggǔ hànyǔ)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
上	古
じょう Grade: 1	こ Grade: 2
goon	kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じょーこ [jóꜜòkò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑo̞ːko̞]

Noun

上(じょう)古(こ) • (jōko) ^{←じやうこ (zyauko)^?}

the distant past, ancient times
Coordinate terms: 中古 (chūko), 近古 (kinko)

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
上	古

Noun

上古 • (sanggo) (hangeul 상고)

hanja form^? of 상고 (“the distant past, ancient times”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
上	古

Noun

上古

chữ Hán form of thượng cổ (“ancient times”)

[SMK7-1] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]