漢語

漢語

1. the Chinese language

   說蹩腳漢語／说蹩脚汉语  ―  shuō biéjiǎo hànyǔ  ―  to speak terrible Chinese

   沉浸式漢語教學／沉浸式汉语教学  ―  chénjìnshì hànyǔ jiàoxué  ―  teaching of Chinese by immersion

   《聲調在漢語音節感知中的作用》 [MSC, trad.]
   《声调在汉语音节感知中的作用》 [MSC, simp.]

   “shēngdiào zài hànyǔ yīnjié gǎnzhī zhōng de zuòyòng” [Pinyin]

   The role of tone in Chinese syllable perception

   你會說漢語嗎？／你会说汉语吗？  ―  Nǐ huì shuō hànyǔ ma?  ―  Can you speak Chinese?

   她既會說英語又會說漢語。 [MSC, trad.]
   她既会说英语又会说汉语。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā jì huì shuō yīngyǔ yòu huì shuō hànyǔ. [Pinyin]

   She can speak both English and Chinese.

   學習漢語發音一定要分清楚聲調。 [MSC, trad.]
   学习汉语发音一定要分清楚声调。 [MSC, simp.]

   Xuéxí hànyǔ fāyīn yīdìng yào fēn qīngchǔ shēngdiào. [Pinyin]

   It is essential to distinguish different tones when studying Chinese.

2. (narrow sense) the language of the Han Chinese

漢語／汉语 (Hànyǔ) is formal. In everyday language, 中文 (Zhōngwén) or 華語／华语 (Huáyǔ) are more often used respectively in mainland China and Singapore, Malaysia. 漢語／汉语 (Hànyǔ) can also imply 普通話／普通话 (pǔtōnghuà, “Standard Mandarin Chinese”), especially in the rarer used term 現代標準漢語／现代标准汉语 (xiàndài biāozhǔn hànyǔ, “Modern Standard Chinese”). Ethnic minorities in China often refer to Standard Mandarin as 漢語／汉语 (Hànyǔ) in order to contrast it with their respective ethnic languages. 國家通用語言文字／国家通用语言文字 is very formal usually used in governmental texts.

• 國語／国语 (guóyǔ)
• 普通話／普通话 (pǔtōnghuà)
• 中國話／中国话 (Zhōngguóhuà)
• 中文 (Zhōngwén)

• “漢語”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 38.

From Middle Chinese 漢語 (MC xanH ngjoX, “Han, Chinese + speech, language”).

• (Tokyo) かんご [kàńgó] (Heiban – [0])^[2][1]
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ŋɡo̞]

• (Kyoto) かんご [kàǹgó] (Teiki – [0])^[1]

漢(かん)語(ご) • (kango) 

1. kango, a Japanese word of Chinese origin, or a Japanese word coined along Chinese lines (a Sino-Japanese word)

   Antonym: (Japanese word of native Japanese origin) 和語 (wago)

2. (less commonly) the Chinese language

   Synonym: 中国語 (Chūgokugo)

3. the ancient Chinese language, the language of the Han (漢 / 汉 (hàn)) ethnicity

Kango are usually written in kanji, and read with the on'yomi (音読み). Contrast with wago (和語), which may be written in kanji read with the kun'yomi (訓読み) or in kana only.

Kango are derived from Classical Chinese. They are composed of words that:

1. retained their original meanings in Classical Chinese, such as 天 (ten, “heaven”), 天下 (tenka, “the world”) or 菩薩 (bosatsu, “bodhisattva”)
2. were repurposed to translate Western concepts, such as 社会 (shakai, “society”), 文化 (bunka, “culture”), 過渡 (kato, “transition”) or 博士 (hakushi, “doctor”)
3. were newly coined from Classical Chinese syllables, morphemes or graphemes, such as 出超 (shutchō, “trade surplus”) or 腺 (sen, “gland”), where words coined from more than one syllable are called wasei kango (和製漢語) and coined kanji are called kokuji (国字)

Note that some words of Chinese origin are not considered kango, such as 北京 (Pekin, “Beijing”)(a gairaigo (外来語) borrowed from a modern Chinese language), 銭 (zeni, “money”) or 博士 (hakase, “doctor”) (both of which have undergone irregular shifts from their original Chinese pronunciation).

字音語

• 音(おん)読(よ)み (on'yomi)

漢語 • (haneo) (hangeul 한어)

1. hanja form^? of 한어 (“Chinese language”)

漢語

1. chữ Hán form of Hán ngữ (“Chinese language”)