菩薩

See also: 菩萨

Chinese

phonetic
trad. (菩薩) 菩 薩
simp. (菩萨) 菩 萨

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 菩 薩
Reading # 1/4 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 模 (23) 曷 (63)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 薄胡切 桑割切
Baxter bu sat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/buo/ /sɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/buo/ /sɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bo/ /sɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/bɔ/ /sat̚/
Li
Rong 		/bo/ /sɑt̚/
Wang
Li 		/bu/ /sɑt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱuo/ /sɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		pú sa
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		pou4 saat3

Etymology 1

Short for 菩提薩埵／菩提萨埵 (pútísàduǒ), itself from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta. Later semantically extended to refer to a particularly virtuous person. (Dassanayake (2021))

Noun

菩薩

  1. (Buddhism) bodhisattva
  2. (figurative, sometimes ironic) kind-hearted person; kind and charitable person
    菩薩心腸／菩萨心肠  ―  púsàxīncháng  ―  heart of a bodhisattva (to be especially kind)
Synonyms
Derived terms
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (菩薩):
  • → Japanese: 菩(ぼ)薩(さつ) (bosatsu)
  • → Korean: 보살(菩薩) (bosal)
  • → Vietnamese: bồ tát (菩薩)

Others:

Etymology 2

Phono-semantic matching of Khmer ពោធិ៍សាត់ (poosat).

Proper noun

菩薩

  1. (～省) Pursat (a province of Cambodia)
  2. (～市) Pursat (a city in Pursat, Cambodia)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
菩 薩
ぼ
Jinmeiyō 		さつ
Jinmeiyō
goon kan'on
Alternative spellings
𬻀
𦬇

/bosatɨ/ → /bosatʉ/ → /bosat͡sʉ/ → /bosat͡su/

Shift from bosachi below, adopting the kan'on reading for the second character, possibly indicating a later borrowing or other influence from Middle Chinese. Ultimately from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, literally “enlightened existence”)[1][2][3][4][5][6] or Pali bodhisatta.

Compare modern Cantonese 菩薩 / 菩萨 (pou4 saat3).

Pronunciation

Noun

菩(ぼ)薩(さつ) • (bosatsu) 

  1. (Buddhism) short for 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta): a bodhisattva
    Synonyms: 開士 (kaishi, kaiji), 大士 (daishi)
  2. (obsolete) a title granted by the imperial court to notably virtuous high-ranking monks
  3. (archaic) a title applied to native Shinto deities after the spread of 本地垂迹 (honji suijaku, theological position prevalent until the Meiji period, explaining that Buddhist deities from India choose to appear in Japan as native kami)
  4. in gagaku circles, a dancer dressed up as a bodhisattva
  5. (colloquial) synonym of 米 (kome): rice grains
  6. (by extension) a maidservant who cooks rice
Derived terms
  • 菩薩(ぼさつ)戒(かい) (bosatsu-kai)
  • 菩薩(ぼさつ)行(ぎょう) (bosatsu-gyō), 菩薩(ぼさつ)道(どう) (bosatsu-dō)
  • 菩薩(ぼさつ)乗(じょう) (bosatsu-jō)
  • 生(い)き菩薩(ぼさつ) (iki bosatsu)
  • 延命(えんめい)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Enmei Bosatsu)
  • 月光(がっこう)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Gakkō Bosatsu)
  • 歌舞(かぶ)の菩薩(ぼさつ) (kabu no bosatsu)
  • 外面(げめん)似(じ)菩薩(ぼさつ)内心(ないしん)如(にょ)夜叉(やしゃ) (gemen ji-bosatsu naishin nyo-yasha)
  • 観自(かんじ)在(ざい)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Kanjizai Bosatsu)
  • 観世(かんぜ)音(おん)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Kanzeon Bosatsu), 観音(かんのん)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Kannon Bosatsu)
  • 脇士(きょうじ)菩薩(ぼさつ) (kyōji-bosatsu)
  • 旧住(くじゅう)の菩薩(ぼさつ) (kujū no bosatsu)
  • 救世(くせ)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Kuse Bosatsu)
  • 救脱(くだつ)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Kudatsu Bosatsu)
  • 化(け)菩薩(ぼさつ) (kebosatsu)
  • 虚空(こくう)蔵(ぞう)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Kokūzō Bosatsu)
  • 興正(こうしょう)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Kōshō Bosatsu)
  • 五大(ごだい)力(りき)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Godairiki Bosatsu)
  • 金剛(こんごう)蔵王(ぞうおう)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Kongō-zōō Bosatsu)
  • 𦬇(ささ)菩薩(ぼさつ) (sasa bosatsu)
  • 慈氏(じし)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Jishi Bosatsu)
  • 持地(じじ)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Jiji Bosatsu)
  • 地蔵(じぞう)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Jizō Bosatsu)
  • 四(し)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Shi-bosatsu)
  • 地涌(じゆ)の菩薩(ぼさつ) (jiyu no bosatsu)
  • 上行(じょうぎょう)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Jōgyō Bosatsu)
  • 常啼(じょうたい)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Jōtai Bosatsu)
  • 勢至菩薩(せいしぼさつ) (Seishi Bosatsu)
  • 大悲(だいひ)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Daihi Bosatsu)
  • 大(だい)菩薩(ぼさつ) (dai-bosatsu)
  • 多羅(たら)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Tara Bosatsu)
  • 二(に)菩薩(ぼさつ) (ni-bosatsu)
  • 二十(にじゅう)五(ご)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Nijūgo-bosatsu)
  • 女(にょ)菩薩(ぼさつ) (nyobosatsu)
  • 如(にょ)菩薩(ぼさつ) (nyobosatsu)
  • 不軽(ふきょう)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Fukyō Bosatsu)
  • 普賢(ふげん)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Fugen Bosatsu)
  • 仏(ぶつ)菩薩(ぼさつ) (butsu-bosatsu)
  • 妙音(みょうおん)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Myōon Bosatsu)
  • 妙見菩薩(みょうけんぼさつ) (Myōken Bosatsu)
  • 弥勒(みろく)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Miroku Bosatsu)
  • 文殊(もんじゅ)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Monju Bosatsu)
  • 薬王(やくおう)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Yakuō Bosatsu)
  • 勇施(ゆせ)菩薩(ぼさつ) (Yuse Bosatsu)

Proper noun

菩(ぼ)薩(さつ) • (Bosatsu) 

  1. title of a piece of gagaku, categorized in the 唐楽 (tōgaku, literally “Tang music”) style

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
菩 薩
ぼ
Jinmeiyō 		さち
Jinmeiyō
goon

/bosatɨ/ → /bosat͡ɕi/

From Middle Chinese 菩薩 (MC bu sat), an abbreviation of 菩提薩埵 (MC bu dej sat twaX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, literally “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta. Uses the goon for both characters, indicating an earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese than the bosatsu reading above.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [bo̞sa̠t͡ɕi]

Noun

菩(ぼ)薩(さち) • (bosachi) 

  1. (Buddhism, obsolete) short for 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta): a bodhisattva
    • c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Suzumushi)
      阿彌陀(あみだ)仏(ぶつ)けうしのほさちおのおの白(びゃく)たんしてつくり奉(たてまつ)りたる...
      Amida-butsu kyōshi no bosachi onoono byakutan shite tsukuri tatematsuritaru...
      (please add an English translation of this example)

See also

References

  1. ^ “菩薩”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ^ “菩薩”, in 改訂新版 世界大百科事典 (Kaitei Shinpan Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Revised Edition”)‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 2007, →ISBN
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. ^ “菩薩”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎[3] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014

Korean

Hanja in this term
菩薩

Noun

菩薩 • (bosal) (hangeul 보살)

  1. hanja form? of 보살 (“bodhisattva”)

Okinawan

Kanji in this term
菩 薩
Jinmeiyō Jinmeiyō

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 菩薩 (bosatsu).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [buːsaː]

Noun

菩薩(ぶーさー) (būsā) 

  1. (Buddhism) bodhisattva

Derived terms

  • ぶーさーがなしー (būsā-ganashī)

References

  • “ブーサー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
菩薩

Noun

菩薩

  1. chữ Hán form of bồ tát (“bodhisattva”)
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.