古代

Chinese

		ancient; old	substitute; replace; generation substitute; replace; generation; dynasty; geological era; era; age; period
simp. and trad. (古代)		古	代

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): gǔdài

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гўдэ (gwde, II-III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gu² doi⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gu² oi⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kú-thoi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kó͘-tāi

(Teochew, Peng'im): gou² do⁷
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ku-de

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǔdài
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǔdài
  - Wade–Giles: ku³-tai⁴
  - Yale: gǔ-dài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guuday
  - Palladius: гудай (gudaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гўдэ (gwde, II-III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵¹ tɛ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gu² doi⁶
  - Yale: gú doih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gu² doi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gu² doi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː³⁵ tɔːi̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gu² oi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵ ᵘɔi³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kú-thoi
  - Hakka Romanization System: gu^ˋ toi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gu³ toi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ku³¹ tʰoi̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-tāi
  - Tâi-lô: kóo-tāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kofdai
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tai³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gou² do⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kóu tō
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou⁵²⁻³⁵ to¹¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ku-de
  - MiniDict: ku^去 de
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ku-de
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku³³ de⁴⁴/

Noun

古代

antiquity; ancient times
古代歷史／古代历史 ― gǔdài lìshǐ ― ancient history

古代文獻／古代文献 ― gǔdài wénxiàn ― ancient documents

古代建築／古代建筑 ― gǔdài jiànzhù ― ancient architecture
(Mainland China) period of Chinese history from antiquity until the Opium Wars in 1840's

Synonyms

edit

上古 (shànggǔ)
元古 (yuángǔ)
先代 (xiāndài) (literary)
先古 (xiāngǔ) (literary)
古早 (gǔzǎo) (chiefly Min)
古早時 / 古早时 (Hokkien)
古時 / 古时 (gǔshí)
古清朝代 (Puxian Min)
太古 (tàigǔ) (often attributive)
曠古 / 旷古 (kuànggǔ)
絕代 / 绝代 (juédài) (literary)
遠古 / 远古 (yuǎngǔ)
邃古 (suìgǔ)

(attributive)

edit

古典 (gǔdiǎn) (attributive)
古老 (gǔlǎo)
古舊 / 古旧 (gǔjiù)

Derived terms

古代人 (gǔdàirén)
古代史 (gǔdàishǐ)
古代希臘語 / 古代希腊语 (Gǔdài Xīlàyǔ)
古代漢語 / 古代汉语 (gǔdài hànyǔ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (古代):

→ Japanese: 古(こ)代(だい) (kodai)
→ Korean: 고대(古代) (godae)
→ Vietnamese: cổ đại (古代)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
古	代
こ Grade: 2	だい Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こだい [kóꜜdàì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ko̞da̠i]

Adjective

古(こ)代(だい) • (kodai) -na (adnominal 古(こ)代(だい)な (kodai na), adverbial 古(こ)代(だい)に (kodai ni))

(archaic) antique, old-fashioned
(colloquial) ancient

Noun

古(こ)代(だい) • (kodai)

ancient times, antiquity, remote ages

Derived terms

古代語 (kodaigo): ancient language
古代史 (kodaishi): ancient history
古代紫 (kodaimurasaki): reddish-purple
古代人 (kodaijin): the ancients, ancient people
古代米 (kodaimai): ancient rice varieties, wild rice
古代裂れ (kodaigire): ancient cloth fragment
古代エジプト (kodai ejiputo): ancient Egypt
古代オリンピック (kodai orinpikku): ancient Olympics
古代ギリシャ, 古代希臘 (kodai girisha): ancient Greece
古代ギリシア (kodai girishia): ancient Greece
古代ローマ (kodai rōma): ancient Rome
古代中国 (kodai chūgoku): ancient China
古代文明 (kodai bunmei): ancient civilization
太古代 (taikodai): Archean

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
古	代

Noun

古代 • (godae) (hangeul 고대)

hanja form^? of 고대 (“antiquity”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
古	代

Adjective

古代

chữ Hán form of cổ đại (“ancient”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]