歷史
Chinese
to experience; to undergo; to pass through to experience; to undergo; to pass through; all; each; every; calendar |
history | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (歷史) | 歷 | 史 | |
simp. (历史) | 历 | 史 |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): lit6 'si3
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): lĭ-sǔ
- Eastern Min (BUC): lĭk-sṳ̄
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): leh7 so3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 8liq-sy5 / 8liq-sy3 / 7liq8-sy3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: lìshǐ
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ ㄕˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lìshǐh
- Wade–Giles: li4-shih3
- Yale: lì-shř
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lihshyy
- Palladius: лиши (liši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ni2 si3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lis
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni²¹ sz̩⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: lik6 si2
- Yale: lihk sí
- Cantonese Pinyin: lik9 si2
- Guangdong Romanization: lig6 xi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɪk̚² siː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: let5 lhu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /let̚³² ɬu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li̍t-sṳ́
- Hakka Romanization System: lid siiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: lid6 si3
- Sinological IPA: /lit̚⁵ sɨ³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: lidˋ siiˊ
- Sinological IPA: /lit² sɨ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: lid6 si3
- Sinological IPA: /lit̚⁵ sz̩³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lĭ-sǔ
- Sinological IPA (key): /li²⁴ su²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: leh7 so3 [Phonetic: leh6 so3]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: le̍h-seô
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ ɬo⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: leh7 so3 [Phonetic: leh6 so3]
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɛʔ⁴⁻² ɬo³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k-sú
- Tâi-lô: li̍k-sú
- Phofsit Daibuun: legsuo
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ su⁵³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁵³/
- IPA (Changtai): /lek̚³⁻³² su⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k-sír
- Tâi-lô: lia̍k-sír
- IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚²⁴⁻² sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k-sí
- Tâi-lô: lia̍k-sí
- Phofsit Daibuun: liagsie
- IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /liak̚²⁴⁻² si⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: lêh8 se2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: le̍h sṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /leʔ⁴⁻² sɯ⁵²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- Wugniu: 8liq-sy5
- MiniDict: lih入 sy去
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 5liq-sr2
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /liɪʔ¹¹ sz̩²³/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
- Wugniu: 8liq-sy3
- MiniDict: lih入 sy上
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /liɪʔ²² sz̩⁵¹/
- (Northern: Jiaxing)
- Wugniu: 7liq8-sy3
- MiniDict: lih入 sy上
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /liɪʔ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- Middle Chinese: lek sriX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤek s-rəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*reːɡ srɯʔ/
Noun
歷史
- (uncountable) history (the study of past events)
- 歷史感/历史感 ― lìshǐ gǎn ― sense of history
- 歷史觀點/历史观点 ― lìshǐ guāndiǎn ― view of history
- 縱觀歷史/纵观历史 ― zòngguān lìshǐ ― throughout history
- 古代歷史/古代历史 ― gǔdài lìshǐ ― ancient history
- 歷史故事/历史故事 ― lìshǐ gùshi ― stories from history
- 歷史文獻/历史文献 ― lìshǐ wénxiàn ― historical document
- 歷史事件/历史事件 ― lìshǐ shìjiàn ― historical event
- 歷史人物/历史人物 ― lìshǐ rénwù ― historical figure
- 歷史古跡/历史古迹 ― lìshǐ gǔjì ― historical site
- (countable) past events; historical happenings; history (Classifier: 段)
- (uncountable) short for 歷史學/历史学 (lìshǐxué, “the study of history; historiography”)
- (countable, computing) history (record of previous user events) (Classifier: 條/条 m)
Usage notes
Just like in English, this Chinese term can refer to history as in the study of past events, as well as the past considered as a whole, or connected with a particular person or thing.
Derived terms
- 創造歷史 / 创造历史 (chuàngzào lìshǐ)
- 口述歷史 / 口述历史 (kǒushù lìshǐ)
- 歷史主義 / 历史主义 (lìshǐ zhǔyì)
- 歷史劇 / 历史剧
- 歷史化 / 历史化 (lìshǐhuà)
- 歷史名詞 / 历史名词
- 歷史唯心主義 / 历史唯心主义
- 歷史唯物主義 / 历史唯物主义 (lìshǐ wéiwù zhǔyì)
- 歷史學 / 历史学 (lìshǐxué)
- 歷史學家 / 历史学家 (lìshǐxuéjiā)
- 歷史家 / 历史家 (lìshǐjiā)
- 歷史小說 / 历史小说 (lìshǐ xiǎoshuō)
- 歷史年表 / 历史年表
- 歷史性 / 历史性 (lìshǐxìng)
- 歷史文學 / 历史文学
- 歷史文物 / 历史文物 (lìshǐ wénwù)
- 歷史時代 / 历史时代
- 歷史比較語言學 / 历史比较语言学
- 歷史社會學 / 历史社会学 (lìshǐ shèhuìxué)
- 歷史線圖 / 历史线图 (lìshǐ xiàn tú)
- 歷史虛無主義 / 历史虚无主义 (lìshǐ xūwú zhǔyì)
- 歷史觀 / 历史观 (lìshǐguān)
- 歷史語言學 / 历史语言学 (lìshǐ yǔyánxué)
- 歷史語詞 / 历史语词
- 歷史遺產 / 历史遗产 (lìshǐ yíchǎn)
- 歷史重演 / 历史重演
- 近現代史 / 近现代史 (jìnxiàndàishǐ)
Japanese
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
歷 | 史 |
れき Jinmeiyō |
し Grade: 5 |
on'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 歷史 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 歷史, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) |
Korean
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
歷 | 史 |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [jʌ̹ks͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [역싸]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | yeoksa |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | yeogsa |
McCune–Reischauer? | yŏksa |
Yale Romanization? | yek.sa |
Noun
歷史 • (yeoksa) (hangeul 역사)
Noun
歷史 • (ryeoksa) (hangeul 력사)
Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
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歷 | 史 |
Noun
歷史