八荒

Chinese

		eight	out of practice; uncultivated
trad. (八荒)		八	荒
simp. ^#(八荒)		八	荒

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bāhuāng

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄚㄏㄨㄤ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bāhuāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄚㄏㄨㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bahuang
  - Wade–Giles: pa¹-huang¹
  - Yale: bā-hwāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bahuang
  - Palladius: бахуан (baxuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pä⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: peat xwang

Rime
Character	八	荒
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	鎋 (75)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	博拔切	呼光切
Baxter	peat	xwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠɛt̚/	/hwɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚæt̚/	/hʷɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/pæt̚/	/xuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pəɨt̚/	/hwaŋ/
Li Rong	/pɛt̚/	/xuɑŋ/
Wang Li	/pæt̚/	/xuɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pat̚/	/xwɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ba	huāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	baat³	fong¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤret m̥ˤaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*preːd hmaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	八	荒
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bā	huāng
Middle Chinese	‹ pɛt ›	‹ xwang ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁret/	/*m̥ˁaŋ/
English	eight	wasteland; uncultivated land
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	八	荒
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	89	12649
Phonetic component	八	亡
Rime group	月	陽
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	八	荒
Old Chinese	/*preːd/	/*hmaːŋ/

Noun

八荒

places that are remote and faraway
(figurative) the world; everything under the sky; all under heaven

Japanese

Kanji in this term
八	荒
はち > はっ Grade: 1	こう Grade: S

Etymology

/hakkwau/ > /hakkwoː/ > /hakkoː/. Literally the eight corners of the land. The eight corners are in the north, south, east, west, northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest and is a reference to the land as a whole.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ha̠k̚ko̞ː]

Noun

八(はっ)荒(こう) • (hakkō) ^{←はっくゎう (fakkwau)^?}

the eight corners of the earth
the world as a whole

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Japanese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

See also