冷凍
See also: 冷冻
Chinese
| cold | to freeze | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (冷凍) | 冷 | 凍 | |
| simp. (冷冻) | 冷 | 冻 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): laang5 dung3
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): léng-tòng
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6lan-ton5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: lěngdòng
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lěngdòng
- Wade–Giles: lêng3-tung4
- Yale: lěng-dùng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leengdonq
- Palladius: лэндун (lɛndun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: laang5 dung3
- Yale: láahng dung
- Cantonese Pinyin: laang5 dung3
- Guangdong Romanization: lang5 dung3
- Sinological IPA (key): /laːŋ¹³ tʊŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: léng-tòng
- Tâi-lô: líng-tòng
- Phofsit Daibuun: lefngdoxng
- IPA (Xiamen): /liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
Verb
冷凍
- to freeze; to deep-freeze; to refrigerate
Derived terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 冷 | 凍 |
| れい Grade: 4 |
とう Grade: S |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
冷凍 • (reitō)
Verb
冷凍する • (reitō suru) transitive suru (stem 冷凍し (reitō shi), past 冷凍した (reitō shita))
- to freeze
- to refrigerate
Conjugation
Conjugation of "冷凍する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 冷凍し | れいとうし | reitō shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 冷凍し | れいとうし | reitō shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 冷凍する | れいとうする | reitō suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 冷凍する | れいとうする | reitō suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 冷凍すれ | れいとうすれ | reitō sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 冷凍せよ¹ 冷凍しろ² |
れいとうせよ¹ れいとうしろ² |
reitō seyo¹ reitō shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 冷凍される | れいとうされる | reitō sareru | |
| Causative | 冷凍させる 冷凍さす |
れいとうさせる れいとうさす |
reitō saseru reitō sasu | |
| Potential | 冷凍できる | れいとうできる | reitō dekiru | |
| Volitional | 冷凍しよう | れいとうしよう | reitō shiyō | |
| Negative | 冷凍しない | れいとうしない | reitō shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 冷凍せず | れいとうせず | reitō sezu | |
| Formal | 冷凍します | れいとうします | reitō shimasu | |
| Perfective | 冷凍した | れいとうした | reitō shita | |
| Conjunctive | 冷凍して | れいとうして | reitō shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 冷凍すれば | れいとうすれば | reitō sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 冷 | 凍 |
Noun
冷凍 • (naengdong) (hangeul 냉동)