協力

See also: 协力

Chinese

		cooperate; harmonize; to help cooperate; harmonize; to help; to assist; to join	power; force; strength
trad. (協力)		協	力
simp. (协力)		协	力

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiélì

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˊ ㄌㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hip³ lik⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hia̍p-li̍t
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hieh⁷ lih⁷
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hia̍p-lia̍k / hia̍p-le̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiélì
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˊ ㄌㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siélì
  - Wade–Giles: hsieh²-li⁴
  - Yale: syé-lì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyelih
  - Palladius: сели (seli)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ li⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hip³ lik⁶
  - Yale: hip lihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hip⁸ lik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hib³ lig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːp̚³ lɪk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hia̍p-li̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiab lid
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiab⁶ lid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯ap̚⁵ lit̚⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hieh⁷ lih⁷ [Phonetic: hieh⁶ lih⁷]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hia̍h-li̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ liʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hieh⁷ lih⁷ [Phonetic: hieh⁶ lih⁷]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiɛʔ⁴⁻² liʔ⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍p-lia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: hia̍p-lia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiabliak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiap̚²⁴⁻² liak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍p-le̍k
  - Tâi-lô: hia̍p-li̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiablek
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /hiap̚⁴⁻³² liɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ liɪk̚¹²¹/

Verb

協力

to join forces; to work together
兩軍協力去進攻敵人。 [MSC, trad.]
两军协力去进攻敌人。 [MSC, simp.]
Liǎng jūn xiélì qù jìngōng dírén. [Pinyin]
The two armies joined forces to attack the enemy.

Synonyms

edit

一力 (yīlì)
並肩 / 并肩 (bìngjiān) (figurative)
併力 / 并力 (bìnglì) (literary)
共同努力 (gòngtóng nǔlì)
勠力 (lùlì) (literary)
協作 / 协作 (xiézuò)
協同 / 协同 (xiétóng)
合作 (hézuò)
合力 (hélì)
合夥 / 合伙 (héhuǒ)
合手 (héshǒu)
合把 (hébǎ) (Beijing Mandarin)
戮力 (lùlì) (literary)
拍檔 / 拍档 (pāidàng) (chiefly Cantonese)
提攜 / 提携 (tíxié)
搭檔 / 搭档 (dādàng)
搭配 (dāpèi)
牽手 / 牵手 (qiānshǒu) (figurative)
聯手 / 联手 (liánshǒu) (figurative)
通力 (tōnglì) (literary)
配合

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (協力):

→ Japanese: 協力(きょうりょく) (kyōryoku)
→ Korean: 협력(協力) (hyeomnyeok)
→ Vietnamese: hiệp lực (協力)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
協	力
きょう Grade: 4	りょく Grade: 1
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きょーりょく [kyòóryókú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ːɾʲo̞kɯ̟]

Noun

協(きょう)力(りょく) • (kyōryoku) ^{←けふりよく (kefuryoku)^?}

cooperation; working together

Coordinate terms

(in video games) 対戦(たいせん) (taisen, “competition”)

Verb

協(きょう)力(りょく)する • (kyōryoku suru) intransitive suru (stem 協(きょう)力(りょく)し (kyōryoku shi), past 協(きょう)力(りょく)した (kyōryoku shita))

to cooperate
ご協力(きょうりょく)してください。
Go-kyōryoku shite kudasai.
We appreciate your cooperation.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "協力する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	協力し	きょうりょくし	kyōryoku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	協力し	きょうりょくし	kyōryoku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	協力する	きょうりょくする	kyōryoku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	協力する	きょうりょくする	kyōryoku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	協力すれ	きょうりょくすれ	kyōryoku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	協力せよ¹ 協力しろ²	きょうりょくせよ¹ きょうりょくしろ²	kyōryoku seyo¹ kyōryoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	協力される	きょうりょくされる	kyōryoku sareru
Causative	協力させる協力さす	きょうりょくさせるきょうりょくさす	kyōryoku saseru kyōryoku sasu
Potential	協力できる	きょうりょくできる	kyōryoku dekiru
Volitional	協力しよう	きょうりょくしよう	kyōryoku shiyō
Negative	協力しない	きょうりょくしない	kyōryoku shinai
Negative continuative	協力せず	きょうりょくせず	kyōryoku sezu
Formal	協力します	きょうりょくします	kyōryoku shimasu
Perfective	協力した	きょうりょくした	kyōryoku shita
Conjunctive	協力して	きょうりょくして	kyōryoku shite
Hypothetical conditional	協力すれば	きょうりょくすれば	kyōryoku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
協	力

Noun

協力 • (hyeomnyeok) (hangeul 협력)

hanja form^? of 협력 (“collaboration, cooperation”)

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]