嚔

See also: 嚏

嚔	U+5694, 嚔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5694

← 嚓
[U+5693]

CJK Unified Ideographs

嚕 →
[U+5695]

Translingual

Han character

嚔 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+15, 18 strokes, cangjie input 口十月人 (RJBO) or 難口十月人 (XRJBO), composition ⿰口𤴡)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 212, character 26
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4501
Dae Jaweon: page 435, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 699, character 3
Unihan data for U+5694

Chinese

For pronunciation and definitions of 嚔 – see 嚏 (“to sneeze”). (This character is a variant form of 嚏).

Japanese

Kanji

嚔

(Hyōgai kanji)

sneeze

Readings

Go-on: たい (tai)
Kan-on: てい (tei)
Kun: くさめ (kusame, 嚔)、くっさめ (kussame, 嚔)、くしゃみ (kushami, 嚔)、はなひる (hanahiru, 嚔ひる)、ひる (hiru, 嚔る)

Compounds

嚔(はなひり)の木(き) (hanahiri no ki)

Alternative forms

嚏

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
嚔
くしゃみ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
嚏

Alteration from kusame (see below).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) くしゃみ [kùsháꜜmì] (Nakadaka – [2])^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [kɯ̟̊ɕa̠mʲi]

Noun

嚔(くしゃみ) • (kushami)

a sneeze

Derived terms

嚔(くしゃみ)ガス (kushami gasu)

Idioms

狆(ちん)が嚔(くしゃみ)をしたよう (chin ga kushami o shita yō), 狆(ちん)くしゃ (chinkusha)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
嚔
くさめ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
嚏

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) くさめ [kùsáꜜmè] (Nakadaka – [2])^[4]
IPA^(key): [kɯ̟sa̠me̞]

Noun

嚔(くさめ) • (kusame)

a sneeze

Derived terms

くさめくさめ (kusamekusame): expression used after someone sneezes, said to break curses

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
嚔
くっさめ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
嚏

Gemination of kusame (see above).^[1]^[2]

Noun

嚔(くっさめ) • (kussame)

a sneeze
an achoo

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
嚔
ふ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
嚏

From Old Japanese.

Verb

嚔(ふ) • (fu) intransitive ^†nidan

(obsolete) to sneeze
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 11, poem 2808:
  , text here
  眉(まよ)根(ね)掻(かき)鼻(はな)火(ひ)紐(ひも)解(とけ)待(まてり)八方(やも)何時(いつか)毛(も)将見(みむ)跡(と)戀来吾(こひこしわれ)乎(を) [Man'yōgana]
  眉(まよ)根(ね)掻(か)き鼻(はな)ひ紐(ひも)解(と)け待(ま)てりやもいつかも見(み)むと恋(こ)ひ来(こ)し我(わ)れを [Modern spelling]
  mayone kaki hanahi himo toke materi ya mo itsu ka mo mimu to koi-koshi ware o
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "嚔" (ハ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	嚔	ひ	fi
Continuative (連用形)	嚔	ひ	fi
Terminal (終止形)	嚔	ふ	fu
Attributive (連体形)	嚔る	ふる	furu
Realis (已然形)	嚔れ	ふれ	fure
Imperative (命令形)	嚔よ	ひよ	fiyo
Key constructions
Negative	嚔ず	ひず	fizu
Contrasting conjunction	嚔れど	ふれど	furedo
Causal conjunction	嚔れば	ふれば	fureba
Conditional conjunction	嚔ば	ひば	fiba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	嚔き	ひき	fiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	嚔けり	ひけり	fikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	嚔つ	ひつ	fitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	嚔ぬ	ひぬ	finu
Perfect-continuative tense	嚔たり	ひたり	fitari
Volitional	嚔む	ひむ	fimu

Derived terms

嚔(ひ)る (hiru, Classical Japanese form)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

嚔 • (che) (hangeul 체, revised che, McCune–Reischauer ch'e)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJS-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]