hiru
Basque
| 30 | ||
| ← 2 | 3 | 4 → |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: hiru Ordinal: hirugarren Multiplier: hirukoitz Distributive: hiruna Collective: hirukote Fractional: heren | ||
Alternative forms
- hirur (Navarro-Lapurdian, Upper Navarre, Soule)
- irur, iru (Soule)
Etymology
Possibly from Proto-Basque *(h)iluŕ (“three”). Often compared with Iberian ilun (“three”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Navarro-Lapurdian) /hiɾu/ [hi.ɾu]
- IPA(key): (Southern) /iɾu/ [i.ɾu]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -iɾu, -u
- Hyphenation: hi‧ru
Numeral
hiru
Declension
| indefinite | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| absolutive | hiru | hirua | hiruak, hirurak | |
| ergative | hiruk | hiruak | hiruek, hirurek | |
| dative | hiruri | hiruari | hiruei, hirurei | |
| genitive | hiruren | hiruaren | hiruen, hiruren | |
| comitative | hirurekin | hiruarekin | hiruekin, hirurekin | |
| causative | hirurengatik | hiruarengatik | hiruengatik, hirurengatik | |
| benefactive | hirurentzat | hiruarentzat | hiruentzat, hirurentzat | |
| instrumental | hiruz, hirurez | hiruaz | hiruez, hirurez | |
| inessive | anim | hirurengan | hiruarengan | hiruengan, hirurengan |
| inan | hirutan | hiruan | hiruetan, hiruretan | |
| locative | anim | — | — | — |
| inan | hirutako | hiruko | hiruetako, hiruretako | |
| allative | anim | hirurengana | hiruarengana | hiruengana, hirurengana |
| inan | hirutara | hirura | hiruetara, hiruretara | |
| terminative | anim | hirurenganaino | hiruarenganaino | hiruenganaino, hirurenganaino |
| inan | hirutaraino | hiruraino | hiruetaraino, hiruretaraino | |
| directive | anim | hirurenganantz | hiruarenganantz | hiruenganantz, hirurenganantz |
| inan | hirutarantz | hirurantz | hiruetarantz, hiruretarantz | |
| destinative | anim | hirurenganako | hiruarenganako | hiruenganako, hirurenganako |
| inan | hirutarako | hirurako | hiruetarako, hiruretarako | |
| ablative | anim | hirurengandik | hiruarengandik | hiruengandik, hirurengandik |
| inan | hirutatik | hirutik | hiruetatik, hiruretatik | |
| partitive | hirurik | — | — | |
| prolative | hirutzat | — | — | |
References
Further reading
- “hiru”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005
- “hiru”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
- R. L. Trask (2008) “hiru”, in Max W. Wheeler, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Basque, University of Sussex, page 231
Japanese
Romanization
hiru