大蒜

大蒜

1. garlic (Classifier: 頭／头; 瓣)

   一瓣大蒜  ―  yī bàn dàsuàn  ―  a clove of garlic

• (Cantonese) 蒜子 (suànzǐ)
• (Hakka, Hokkien) 蒜仔

• 蒜頭／蒜头 (suàntóu)

First attested in the Setsuyōshū (1469-1487).^[1]

Origin uncertain. There are two leading theories.

• Deriving ultimately from some compound and shift of 匂い (nioi, “smell, scent”) + 憎い (nikui, “hateful; bitter”).^[1][2] Possible progression:

⟨nipopi₁⟩ + ⟨niku⟩ → */nipopi niku/ → */nipniku/ → /ninniku/

• Deriving as a shift in meaning from Buddhist term 忍辱 (ninniku, “patience, forbearance, forgiveness”). Apparently garlic was seen as stimulating, and as such it was a forbidden food and monks would have to forbear from eating it, possibly giving rise to use of the term as a euphemism.^[1][3][2]

• (Tokyo) にんにく [nìńníkú] (Heiban – [0])^[1][4][5]
• IPA^(key): [ɲ̟ĩɲ̟ːikɯ̟]

• (Kyoto) にんにく [nínníkú] (Kōki – [0])^[1]

大蒜(にんにく) or 大蒜(ニンニク) • (ninniku) 

1. [from 1469] garlic

   Synonyms: ガーリック (gārikku), 蒜 (hiru), 大蒜 (ōbiru, obsolete), にもじ (nimoji, woman's language, obsolete), ろくとう (rokutō, dialect, obsolete)

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ニンニク (ninniku).

• 行者葫(ぎょうじゃにんにく) (gyōjaninniku)
• 浜蒜(はまにんにく) (hamaninniku)

From 大蒜 (ninniku).

大蒜(ににく) • (niniku) 

1. [from 1379] (obsolete or dialectal) garlic

大 (ō, “big”) +‎ 蒜 (hiru, “allium; garlic”). First attested in the Shinsen Jikyō (898-901).^[1]

• IPA^(key): [o̞ːbʲiɾɯ̟]

• (Kyoto) おーび​る [òòbírù] (Teiki)^[1]

大(おお)蒜(びる) • (ōbiru) ^{←おほびる (ofobiru)?}

1. (obsolete or dialectal) garlic

(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: 大大蒜.)

大蒜 • (daesan) (hangeul 대산)

1. hanja form^? of 대산 (“garlic”)