山河

Chinese

mountain; hill river
simp. and trad.
(山河) 		山 河
anagram 河山

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 山 河
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 生 (21) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 山 (73) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II I
Fanqie 所閒切 胡歌切
Baxter srean ha
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʃˠɛn/ /ɦɑ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʃᵚæn/ /ɦɑ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʃæn/ /ɣɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʂəɨn/ /ɦa/
Li
Rong 		/ʃɛn/ /ɣɑ/
Wang
Li 		/ʃæn/ /ɣɑ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʂăn/ /ɣɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shān hé
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		saan1 ho4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 山 河
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shān hé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ srɛn › ‹ ha ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-ŋrar/ /*[C.ɡ]ˁaj/
English mountain, hill river

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 山 河
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 11052 7459
Phonetic
component 		山 可
Rime
group 		元 歌
Rime
subdivision 		2 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		山 何
Old
Chinese 		/*sreːn/ /*ɡaːl/

Noun

山河

  1. (literally) mountains and rivers
  2. (figuratively) land of a country; territory

Derived terms

  • 咫尺山河
  • 山河易改，本性難移 / 山河易改，本性难移
  • 山河襟帶 / 山河襟带
  • 帶厲山河 / 带厉山河
  • 帶礪山河 / 带砺山河
  • 氣吞山河 / 气吞山河
  • 氣壓山河 / 气压山河
  • 氣壯山河 / 气壮山河
  • 氣蓋山河 / 气盖山河
  • 百二山河
  • 礪帶山河 / 砺带山河
  • 表裡山河 / 表里山河
  • 邈若山河
  • 錦繡山河 / 锦绣山河 (jǐnxiùshānhé)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (山河):
  • → Japanese: 山(さん)河(が) (sanga)
  • → Korean: 산하(山河) (sanha)
  • → Vietnamese: sơn hà (山河)

See also

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
山 河
さん
Grade: 1 		が
Grade: 5
on'yomi

Borrowed from Literary Chinese 山河 (shānhé).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

山(さん)河(が) • (sanga) ←さんが (sanga)?

  1. (literary) mountains and rivers
Synonyms
  • 山河(やまかわ) (yamakawa)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
山 河
さん
Grade: 1 		か
Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [sã̠ŋka̠]

Noun

山(さん)河(か) • (sanka) ←さんか (sanka)?

  1. alternative form of 山河 (sanga)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
山 河
やま
Grade: 1 		かわ
Grade: 5
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 山河 – see the following entry: やまかわ

(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: やまかわ.)

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
山河

Noun

山河

  1. chữ Hán form of sơn hà (“country”)
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