崑崙

Chinese

	phonetic
trad. (崑崙/昆侖^*)	崑/昆	崙/侖
simp. (昆仑^*)	昆	仑
alternative forms	崐崘崑崘

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “looks like there's some sort of reduplication”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Kūnlún

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄣㄌㄨㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan¹ leon⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Kūnlún
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣㄌㄨㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Kunlún
  - Wade–Giles: Kʻun¹-lun²
  - Yale: Kwūn-lwún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Kuenluen
  - Palladius: Куньлунь (Kunʹlunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kwan¹ leon⁴
  - Yale: kwān lèuhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwan¹ loen⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuen¹ lên⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ lɵn²¹/

Middle Chinese: kwon lwon

Rime
Character	崑	崙
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	古渾切	盧昆切
Baxter	kwon	lwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuən/	/luən/
Pan Wuyun	/kuon/	/luon/
Shao Rongfen	/kuən/	/luən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwən/	/lwən/
Li Rong	/kuən/	/luən/
Wang Li	/kuən/	/luən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuən/	/luən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gūn	lún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwan¹	leon⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kuːn ruːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	崑	崙
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7523	8650
Phonetic component	昆	侖
Rime group	文	文
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	昆	論
Old Chinese	/*kuːn/	/*ruːn/
Notes	見爾雅

Proper noun

崑崙

(～山) Kunlun Mountains (a mountain range in the Xinjiang autonomous region, Qinghai and Tibet autonomous region in China)
(mythology) Kunlun (a mountain in Chinese mythology)
(～關) Kunlun Pass (a mountain pass in the Guangxi autonomous region, China)
(historical) an area including southern Indochina and Southeast Asian islands
(～島) Côn Sơn Island (an island of Vietnam)

Noun

崑崙

(historical) short for 崑崙奴／昆仑奴 (kūnlúnnú)
(by extension, obsolete) black people
(Taoism) head
(Classical) navel

Derived terms

喀喇崑崙 / 喀喇昆仑
崑崙兒 / 昆仑儿 (kūnlún'ér)
崑崙奴 / 昆仑奴 (kūnlúnnú)