往年
Chinese
toward; (of a train) bound for; to go (in a direction) toward; (of a train) bound for; to go (in a direction); past; previous; towards |
year | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (往年) |
往 | 年 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): von2 nie1
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): orng3 ning2
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): óng-nî / éng-nî
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): ung5 nin4
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1uaon3-gnie2 / 3uan-gnien2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wǎngnián
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˇ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wǎngnián
- Wade–Giles: wang3-nien2
- Yale: wǎng-nyán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woangnian
- Palladius: ваннянь (vannjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: wang3 nyian2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uongnian
- Sinological IPA (key): /uaŋ⁵³ nʲiɛn²¹/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: vàngnián
- Sinological IPA (key): /vaŋ⁵³ niã²⁴/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: wǎnlién
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): wan3 lien2
- Sinological IPA (key): /uã¹¹ liẽ²⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: wong5 nin4 / wong5 nin4-2
- Yale: wóhng nìhn / wóhng nín
- Cantonese Pinyin: wong5 nin4 / wong5 nin4-2
- Guangdong Romanization: wong5 nin4 / wong5 nin4-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /wɔːŋ¹³ niːn²¹/, /wɔːŋ¹³ niːn²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: wong5 nin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /vɔŋ¹³ nin²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vông-ngièn
- Hakka Romanization System: vongˊ ngienˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: vong1 ngian2
- Sinological IPA: /voŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vông-ngiàn
- Hakka Romanization System: vongˊ ngianˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: vong1 ngian2
- Sinological IPA: /voŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: vong1 ngian2
- Sinological IPA: /ʋɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋian¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: orng3 ning2 [Phonetic: orng2 ning2]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ô̤ng-níng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɒŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ niŋ¹³/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: óng-nî
- Tâi-lô: óng-nî
- Phofsit Daibuun: ofngnii
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ¹³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: éng-nî
- Tâi-lô: íng-nî
- Phofsit Daibuun: efngnii
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: ung5 nin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʊŋ²⁴ nin²¹/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
Noun
往年
- previous years
- (Zhangzhou Hokkien) the year before last; two years ago
- (Zhangzhou Hokkien) three years ago
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 往年 (“previous years”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 往年 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 往年 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 往年 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 往年 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 往年 |
| Xi'an | 往年 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 往年 |
| Ürümqi | 往年 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 往年子 |
| Wuhan | 往年 | |
| Guiyang | 往年 | |
| Liuzhou | 往年 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 往年 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 往年, 往年時 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 往年 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 往年 |
| Yudu | 往年子 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 往年 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 往年, 前些年 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 往年暝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 往年 |
| Quanzhou | 往年 | |
| Jinjiang | 頂年 | |
| Zhangzhou | 往年仔 | |
| Haikou | 往年 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 往年 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 往年 |
| Danyang | 往年家 | |
| Hangzhou | 往年 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 往年子, 常年子, 平常年子 |
| Loudi | 舊年, 舊年子 | |
Dialectal synonyms of 前年 (“the year before last”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 大前年 (“three years ago”) [map]
Descendants
References
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “151 往年”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 305.
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 往 | 年 |
| おう Grade: 5 |
ねん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
往年 • (ōnen)
Synonyms
- 往歳 (ōsai)