拂菻
Chinese
| phonetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (拂菻) | 拂 | 菻 | |
| simp. #(拂菻) | 拂 | 菻 | |
Etymology
Unknown. A review of the etymological proposals for this word has been written by Zhang Xushan, favoring a derivation from Sogdian 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (Frūm), 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖 (Frūm, Frōm, “Rome, Byzantium”) or Khwarezmian [script needed] (Frōm), which are akin to Parthian 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (Frōm), Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm, “Rome; Byzantine”), and Old Armenian Հռովմ (Hṙovm), all of which are ultimately from Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē), itself originally from Latin Roma, which would thus make it a doublet of 羅馬 / 罗马 (Luómǎ).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: Fúlǐn
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄧㄣˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Fúlǐn
- Wade–Giles: Fu2-lin3
- Yale: Fú-lǐn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Fwuliin
- Palladius: Фулинь (Fulinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu³⁵ lin²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: fat1 lam4
- Yale: fāt làhm
- Cantonese Pinyin: fat7 lam4
- Guangdong Romanization: fed1 lem4
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɐt̚⁵ lɐm²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Middle Chinese: phjut limX
Proper noun
拂菻
- (obsolete) Byzantium
Synonyms
- 拜占庭 (Bàizhàntíng)
References
- Gharib, B. (1995) “frwm”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 156a
- Gharib, B. (1995) “βrʾwm”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 107b