𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬

Middle Persian

Alternative forms

  • [script needed] (hlwm) (Book Pahlavi)

Etymology

From Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”), Ῥωμαῖος (Rhōmaîos, “Roman”). and Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”) of uncertain origin. Compare Old Armenian Հռովմ (Hṙovm), Parthian 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (frwm /⁠Frōm⁠/), Sogdian 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (frwm /⁠frūm⁠/), 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖 (βrʾwm /⁠frūm, frōm⁠/, “Rome, Byzantium”). Compare also Chinese 拂菻 (Fúlǐn), an Iranian borrowing.

Proper noun

𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 • (hlwm /Hrōm/)

  1. Rome (a major city in Italy)
  2. Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)
  3. Byzantine Empire (an ancient Greek empire in Southeastern Europe and Western Asia, with its capital at Constantinople)

Derived terms

  • 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭠𐭣𐭩𐭪 (ḥlʿmʾdyk /⁠Hrōmāyīg⁠/)

Descendants

  • Persian: روم (rum), اروم (orum) (rare, obsolete)
    • → Ottoman Turkish: روم (rum)

References

  • Gharib, B. (1995) “frwm”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 156a
  • Gharib, B. (1995) “βrʾwm”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 107b
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