敢是

Chinese

		dare	be; yes; this
trad. (敢是)		敢	是
simp. ^#(敢是)		敢	是

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kám-sī / kiám-sī / káⁿ-sī / káⁿ-sǐ

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kám-sī
  - Tâi-lô: kám-sī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafmsi
  - IPA (Taipei): /kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiám-sī
  - Tâi-lô: kiám-sī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiafmsi
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káⁿ-sī
  - Tâi-lô: kánn-sī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvafsi
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káⁿ-sǐ
  - Tâi-lô: kánn-sǐ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ si²²/

Note:

General Taiwanese:
- kám-sī/kiám-sī - Rhetorical Question ("isn't it so");
- káⁿ-sī - Speculation ("I'm afraid so, unfortunately, perhaps").

Interjection

敢是

(Hokkien) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see 敢,‎ 是.
(Hokkien) isn’t it so? (used as a tag question)
敢是按呢？ [Hokkien, trad. and simp.]
Kám-sī án-ni? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
Isn't like that?

汝敢是醫生？ [Hokkien, trad.]
汝敢是医生？ [Hokkien, simp.]
Lí kám-sī i-seng? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
Aren't you a doctor?

Synonyms

(Hokkien) 著無／著无 (tio̍h--bô), 著毋著 (tio̍h-m̄-tio̍h), 是毋是 (sī-m̄-sī / sǐ-m̄-sǐ), 是毋 (sī-m̄ / sǐ--m̄)
豈是／岂是 (qǐshì)
難道／难道 (nándào)

Antonyms

(Hokkien) 敢毋是 (kám-m̄-sī / kiám-m̄-sī / káⁿ-m̄-sī / káⁿ-m̄-sǐ)

Adverb

敢是

(Hokkien) I'm afraid so; unfortunately; probably; regretfully; fearfully; supposedly; perhaps; maybe
𪜶敢是有按呢。 [Hokkien, trad. and simp.]
In káⁿ-sī ū án-ni. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
They probably have something like that.

敢是會落雨囉。 [Hokkien, trad.]
敢是会落雨啰。 [Hokkien, simp.]
Káⁿ-sī ē lo̍h-hō͘--lo͘. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
I'm afraid it's going to rain already.

Synonyms

大概 (dàgài)
恐怕 (kǒngpà)
可能 (kěnéng)

See also

敢死 (káⁿ-sí / kám-sír / kám-sú)

Further reading

Douglas, Carstairs (1873) “kám-sī”, in Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, With the Principal Variations of the Chang-chew and Chin-chew Dialects. (overall work in Hokkien and English), London: Trübner & Co., page 193; New Edition, With Corrections by the Author., Thomas Barclay, Lîm Iàn-sîn 林燕臣, London: Publishing Office of the Presbyterian Church of England, 1899, page 193
小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “敢是”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎^[1] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
周长楫 [Zhōu, Chángjí], editor (2006), “敢是”, in 闽南方言大词典 MINNAN FANGYAN DA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Southern Min dialects] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Fuzhou: 福建人民出版社 [Fujian People's Publishing House], →ISBN, page 330.