暖

See also: 煖

暖	U+6696, 暖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6696

← 暕
[U+6695]

CJK Unified Ideographs

暗 →
[U+6697]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

暖 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 日月一水 (ABME), four-corner 6204₇, composition ⿰日爰)

Derived characters

𧞈

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 498, character 26
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14064
Dae Jaweon: page 866, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1525, character 1
Unihan data for U+6696

Chinese

simp. and trad.		暖
alternative forms		煖㬉煗𤆱

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
暖	*noːnʔ
煖	noːnʔ, qʰʷan
喛	qʰʷaːns, qʰʷan
緩	*ɢʷaːnʔ
鰀	*ɢʷaːnʔ
嵈	*ɢʷaːnʔ
鍰	*ɢʷraːn
湲	*ɢʷan
媛	ɢʷans, ɢʷan
瑗	*ɢʷans
援	ɢʷans, ɢʷan
褑	*ɢʷans
諼	qʰʷan, qʰʷanʔ
愋	*qʰʷan
楥	*qʰʷans
爰	*ɢʷan
鶢	*ɢʷan
蝯	*ɢʷan
猨	*ɢʷan

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *noːnʔ): semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 爰 (OC *ɢʷan). Later also used as a variant of 煖／暖 which is used as another word with different pronunciation.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): nuǎn (nuan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄢˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nuan³

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): nuàn
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): nyun⁵

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): noen⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): non⁴ / non¹
Gan (Wiktionary): lon³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): nôn

(Meixian, Guangdong): non¹ / non³
Jin (Wiktionary): nuan²
Northern Min (KCR): nǒ̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): nuāng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nuang³ / nuong³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): loán / lún

(Teochew, Peng'im): luêng² / luang² / nuang² / ruang² / ruêng²

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): nuang²
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): nun⁵
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶noe / ³nuon
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lonn³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nuǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nuǎn
  - Wade–Giles: nuan³
  - Yale: nwǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: noan
  - Palladius: нуань (nuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nu̯än²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nuan³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: luan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nuan⁵³/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: nuàn
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nuã⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: nyun⁵
  - Yale: nyúhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nyn⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: nün⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nyːn¹³/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: noen⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nøn¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: non⁴ / non¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ⁿdᵘɔn²¹/, /ⁿdᵘɔn³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: lon³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵn²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nôn
  - Hakka Romanization System: non^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: non¹
  - Sinological IPA: /non²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: non¹ / non³
  - Sinological IPA: /nɔn⁴⁴/, /nɔn³¹/

Note:

Meixian:
- non1 - vernacular;
- non3 - literary.

Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: nuan²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /nuæ̃⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nǒ̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɔŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nuāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡuaŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: nuang³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: nuâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nuaŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: nuong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nuoŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: loán
  - Tâi-lô: luán
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loarn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /luan⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /luan⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /luan⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lún
  - Tâi-lô: lún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: luon
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lun⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

loán - literary;
lún - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: luêng² / luang² / nuang² / ruang² / ruêng²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: luéng / luáng / nuáng / juáng / juéng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /lueŋ⁵²/, /luaŋ⁵²/, /nuaŋ⁵²/, /d͡zuaŋ⁵²/, /d͡zueŋ⁵²/

Note:

luêng2 - Chaozhou;
luang2 - Shantou, Raoping;
nuang2 - Jieyang, Chenghai, Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai;
ruêng2 - Chaozhou (only in 暖爐 (“hotpot”));
ruang2 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chenghai, Chaoyang (only in 暖爐 (“hotpot”)).

(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: nuang²
- Sinological IPA: /nuaŋ³¹/

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: nun⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nun²⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ⁶noe
  - MiniDict: noe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³noe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /nø²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /nø²³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /nø¹¹³/
- (Northern: Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ³nuon
  - MiniDict: 'nuon^上
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /nuõ⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: lonn³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lõ⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: nwanX

Rime
Character	暖
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	乃管切
Baxter	nwanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nuɑn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/nʷɑn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/nuɑn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nwan^X/
Li Rong	/nuɑn^X/
Wang Li	/nuɑn^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/nuɑn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nuǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nyun⁵

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*noːnʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	暖
Reading #	1/1
No.	16157
Phonetic component	爰
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	煗
Old Chinese	/*noːnʔ/
Notes	煖分化字見墨子訓讀同煗

Definitions

暖

warm; toasty
(transitive) to warm; to warm up

Synonyms

(to warm) 暖和 (nuǎnhuo)

Compounds

暖化 (nuǎnhuà)
暖和
暖呼呼
暖壺 / 暖壶 (nuǎnhú)
暖心 (nuǎnxīn)
暖房 (nuǎnfáng)
暄暖
暖暖 (Nuǎnnuǎn)
暖東 / 暖东 (Nuǎndōng)
暖氣 / 暖气 (nuǎnqì)
暖水瓶 (nuǎnshuǐpíng)
暖流 (nuǎnliú)
暖洋洋 (nuǎnyángyáng)
暖烘烘 (nuǎnhōnghōng)
暖爐 / 暖炉 (nuǎnlú)
暖瓶 (nuǎnpíng)
暖笠笠
暖簾 / 暖帘 (nuǎnlián)
暖色 (nuǎnsè)
暖融融 (nuǎnróngróng)
暖西 (Nuǎnxī)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xuān (xuan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hyun¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xuān
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syuan
  - Wade–Giles: hsüan¹
  - Yale: sywān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuan
  - Palladius: сюань (sjuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hyun¹
  - Yale: hyūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hyn¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hün¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyːn⁵⁵/

Definitions

暖

used in 暖姝
used in 暖暖 (xuānxuān)

Japanese

Shinjitai	暖
Kyūjitai ^[1]	暖󠄁 暖+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	暖󠄃 暖+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

暖

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

warm

Readings

Go-on: なん (nan)
Kan-on: だん (dan, Jōyō)
Tō-on: のん (non)
Kun: あたたか (atataka, 暖か, Jōyō)、あたたかい (atatakai, 暖かい, Jōyō)、あたためる (atatameru, 暖める, Jōyō)、あたたまる (atatamaru, 暖まる, Jōyō)
Nanori: あつ (atsu)、ぬく (nuku)、はる (haru)、やす (yasu)

Compounds

暖(だん)気(き) (danki)
暖(だん)房(ぼう) (danbō)
暖(だん)流(りゅう) (danryū)
暖(だん)炉(ろ) (danro)
暖簾(のれん) (noren): noren, a Japanese curtain
温(おん)暖(だん) (ondan)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
暖
だん Grade: 6
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 暖 (MC nwanX).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) だん [dáꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [dã̠ɴ]

Noun

暖(だん) • (dan) ^{←だん (dan)^?}

(only in set phrases) warmth
暖(だん)を取(と)る
dan o toru
to get warmth

Etymology 2

Proper noun

暖(あたた) or 暖(いふ) or 暖(うらら) or 暖(だん) or 暖(のどか) or 暖(のん) or 暖(はる) or 暖(はるか) or 暖(はるな) or 暖(ひなた) • (Atata or Ifu or Urara or Dan or Nodoka or Non or Haru or Haruka or Haruna or Hinata)

a female given name

References

^ “暖”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

Hanja

暖 (eumhun 따뜻할 난 (ttatteuthal nan))

hanja form^? of 난 (“warm”)

Compounds

난방 (暖房, nanbang, “heating”)
난대 (暖流, nandae, “warm current”)
지구 온난화 (地球溫暖化, jigu onnanhwa, “global warming”)

Etymology 2

Hanja

暖 (eumhun 부드러울 훤 (budeureoul hwon))

hanja form^? of 훤 (“genial”)

Vietnamese

Han character

暖: Hán Việt readings: huyên, noãn^[1], nõng, nóng, nũn, nuỹn, nuyễn
暖: Nôm readings: hoãn^[2], noãn^[1], nõng, nóng, nũn, nuỹn, nuyễn

chữ Hán form of noãn (“warm”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Trần (2004).
^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[1] “暖”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[gdhn-3] 1.0 ^1.1 Trần (2004).

[tdcntd-4] Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]