曼荼羅

See also: 曼荼罗

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (曼荼羅)		曼	荼	羅
simp. (曼荼罗)		曼	荼	罗
alternative forms		曼陀羅／曼陀罗慢怛羅／慢怛罗滿拏囉／满拿啰曼達拉／曼达拉

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मण्डल (maṇḍala, “round; circular”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): màntúluó

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄢˋ ㄊㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): maan⁶ tou⁴ lo⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: màntúluó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄢˋ ㄊㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: màntúluó
  - Wade–Giles: man⁴-tʻu²-lo²
  - Yale: màn-tú-lwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: manntwuluo
  - Palladius: маньтуло (manʹtulo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /män⁵¹ tʰu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: maan⁶ tou⁴ lo⁴
  - Yale: maahn tòuh lòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maan⁶ tou⁴ lo⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: man⁶ tou⁴ lo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːn²² tʰou̯²¹ lɔː²¹/

Middle Chinese: man drae la

Rime
Character	曼	荼	羅
Reading #	1/2	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	澄 (11)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)	麻 (98)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II	I
Fanqie	母官切	宅加切	魯何切
Baxter	man	drae	la
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑn/	/ɖˠa/	/lɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɑn/	/ɖᵚa/	/lɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑn/	/ȡa/	/lɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwan/	/ɖaɨ/	/la/
Li Rong	/muɑn/	/ȡa/	/lɑ/
Wang Li	/muɑn/	/ȡa/	/lɑ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muɑn/	/ȡʱa/	/lɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mán	chá	luó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mun⁴	caa⁴	lo⁴

Noun

曼荼羅

(Buddhism, Hinduism) mandala

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (曼荼羅):

→ Japanese: 曼(まん)荼(だ)羅(ら) (mandara)
→ Korean: 만다라(曼荼羅) (mandara)

Further reading

Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “曼荼羅” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Japanese

Kanji in this term
曼	荼	羅
まん Hyōgai (ateji)	だ Hyōgai (ateji)	ら Grade: S (ateji)
on'yomi

Alternative spellings
曼陀羅マンダラ

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit मण्डल (maṇḍala, literally “circle”). The kanji is ateji (当て字), from Chinese 曼荼羅 / 曼荼罗 (màntúluó).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) まんだら [màńdárá] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [mã̠nda̠ɾa̠]

Noun

曼(まん)荼(だ)羅(ら) • (mandara)

(Hinduism, Buddhism) a mandala