泉州

Chinese

		fountain; spring	province; prefecture; state province; prefecture; state; county
trad. (泉州)		泉	州
simp. ^#(泉州)		泉	州

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Quánzhōu

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄓㄡ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cyun⁴ zau¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Chhièn-chû

(Meixian, Guangdong): can² zu¹
Northern Min (KCR): Cûing-ciú
Eastern Min (BUC): Ciòng-ciŭ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): soeng² ziu¹ / zuinn² ziu¹ / zynn² ziu¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Choân-chiu / Chôaⁿ-chiu / Chîⁿ-chiu

(Teochew, Peng'im): zuan⁵ ziu¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zhi-tseu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Quánzhōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄓㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Cyuánjhou
  - Wade–Giles: Chʻüan²-chou¹
  - Yale: Chywán-jōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chyuanjou
  - Palladius: Цюаньчжоу (Cjuanʹčžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cyun⁴ zau¹
  - Yale: chyùhn jāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn⁴ dzau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: qun⁴ zeo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰyːn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    全州
    泉州
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chhièn-chû
  - Hakka Romanization System: qien^ˇ zu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qian² zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯en¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: can² zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰan¹¹ t͡su⁴⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Cûing-ciú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suiŋ³³ t͡siu⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Ciòng-ciŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)ʒieu⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: soeng² ziu¹ [Phonetic: soeng⁵ niu¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Sé̤ng-ciu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬœŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^(t͡s-)niu⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zuinn² ziu¹ [Phonetic: zuinn⁵ ziu¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sũĩ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡siu⁵⁴⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zynn² ziu¹ [Phonetic: zynn⁵ ziu¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sỹ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡siu⁵⁴⁴/

Note:

Putian:
- soeng2 ziu1.
Xianyou:
- zuiⁿ2 ziu1, more common;
- zyⁿ2 ziu1 - less common.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Philippines, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Choân-chiu
  - Tâi-lô: Tsuân-tsiu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoanciw
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /t͡suan²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡suan²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Penang): /t͡suan²³⁻²¹ t͡siu³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡suan²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡suan²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chôaⁿ-chiu
  - Tâi-lô: Tsuânn-tsiu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zvoaciw
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡suã¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chîⁿ-chiu
  - Tâi-lô: Tsînn-tsiu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cviciw
  - IPA (Longyan): /t͡sĩ¹¹ t͡siu³³⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zuan⁵ ziu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsuâⁿ tsiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sũã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zhi-tseu
  - MiniDict: zhi^去 tseu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³xxi-tseu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑi²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: dzjwen tsyuw

Rime
Character	泉	州
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	仙 (78)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	疾緣切	職流切
Baxter	dzjwen	tsyuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziuᴇn/	/t͡ɕɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zʷiɛn/	/t͡ɕiu/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjuæn/	/t͡ɕiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zwian/	/cuw/
Li Rong	/d͡ziuɛn/	/t͡ɕiu/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭwɛn/	/t͡ɕĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯wɛn/	/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	quán	zhōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cyun⁴	zau¹

Proper noun

泉州

(～市) Quanzhou (a prefecture-level city in southeastern Fujian, China)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (泉州):

→ Japanese: 泉州(せんしゅう) (Senshū)
→ Korean: 천주(泉州) (Cheonju)
→ Vietnamese: Tuyền Châu (泉州)

Others:

→ English: Chinchew, Chin-chiu, Chinchu, Ch'uan-chou, Ch'üan-chou, Chuanchow, Cyuanjhou, Quanzhou, Tsuan-tsiu
→ French: Quanzhou
→ Georgian: ციუენჭოუ (ciuenč̣ou)
→ German: Quanzhou
→ Korean: 취안저우 (Chwianjeou)
→ Portuguese: Quanzhou
→ Russian: Цюаньчжо́у (Cjuanʹčžóu)
→ Spanish: Quanzhou

References

莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “泉州”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 658.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
泉	州
せん Grade: 6	しゅう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せんしゅう [séꜜǹshùù] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [sẽ̞ɰ̃ɕɨː]

Etymology 1

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 泉州 (Quánzhōu)

Proper noun

泉(せん)州(しゅう) • (Senshū)

(~市) Quanzhou (a city in Fujian, China)
Synonym: 泉州市 (Senshū shi)

Etymology 2

Compound of 泉 (Clipping of 和泉 (“Izumi Province”)) +‎ 州 (shū, “province”)

Proper noun

泉(せん)州(しゅう) • (Senshū)

(historical) short for 和泉国 (Izumi no kuni, “Izumi Province, a feudal province of Japan”)

Coordinate terms

(畿内) Coordinate terms: 城州, 山州, 和州, 河州, 泉州, 摂州

(東海道) Coordinate terms: 伊州, 勢州, 志州, 尾州, 三州, 参州, 遠州, 駿州, 豆州, 甲州, 相州, 武州, 安州, 房州, 総州, 常州

(東山道) Coordinate terms: 江州, 濃州, 飛州, 信州, 上州, 野州, 羽州, 陸州, 奥州

(北陸道) Coordinate terms: 若州, 越州, 加州, 能州, 越州, 佐州, 渡州

(山陰道) Coordinate terms: 丹州, 但州, 因州, 伯州, 雲州, 石州, 隠州

(山陽道) Coordinate terms: 播州, 作州, 備州, 芸州, 防州, 長州

(南海道) Coordinate terms: 紀州, 淡州, 阿州, 讃州, 予州, 土州

(西海道) Coordinate terms: 豊州, 筑州, 肥州, 日州, 向州, 隅州, 薩州, 壱州, 対州

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
泉	州

Proper noun

泉州

chữ Hán form of Tuyền Châu (“Quanzhou (a prefecture-level city in southeastern Fujian, China)”)