泉

泉 U+6CC9, 泉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CC9
← 泈
[U+6CC8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 泊 →
[U+6CCA]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

泉 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹日水 (HAE), four-corner 26232, composition ⿱白水)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 615, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17274
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1009, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1576, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+6CC9

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 泉
alternative forms 𤽄
湶

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
線 *sqʰeːns
泉 *sɡʷen
葲 *sɡʷen
灥 *kʰʷjen, *sɢʷin

Pictogram (象形) or ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 白 (“spring mouth”) + 水 (“water”) – water flowing from the source of a spring. See also 原.

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs the Old Chinese as *dzwan and also reconstructs Proto-Tibeto-Burman *tso (“to bubble; to boil”) (> Tibetan འཚོད་པ ('tshod pa, “to be boiled”), Tibetan བཙོས (btsos, “to cook in boiling water”), Burmese ဆူ (hcu, “to boil; to bubble”)), and considers 泉 (OC *sɡʷen, “spring (of water)”) to be cognate to it (with an n-suffix nominalization). However, STEDT considers the above three Tibeto-Burman terms to be descended from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *tsjow (“to boil; to burn; to bake; to bake”), to which 焦 (OC *ʔsew, “to roast; to burn; to scorch”) is cognate.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • syor2/syann2 - vernacular;
  • zuinn2 - vernacular (only used in 泉州, more common);
  • zynn2 - vernacular (only used in 泉州, less common);
  • soeng2/syoeng2 - literary.
Note:
  • chôaⁿ - vernacular;
  • choân - literary.
Rime
Character 泉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 仙 (78)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 疾緣切
Baxter dzjwen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ziuᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡zʷiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡zjuæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡zwian/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ziuɛn/
Wang
Li 		/d͡zĭwɛn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱi̯wɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		quán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cyun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 泉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		quán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzjwen ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-N-ɢʷar/ (MC I!)
English spring, source

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 泉
Reading # 1/1
No. 10728
Phonetic
component
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		全
Old
Chinese 		/*sɡʷen/

Definitions

泉

  1. springwater (Classifier: 口 m; 眼 m)
    溫泉／温泉  ―  wēnquán  ―  hot spring
    甘泉  ―  gānquán  ―  sweet springwater
  2. mouth of a spring
  3. mythical abode of the dead
    黃泉／黄泉  ―  huángquán  ―  netherworld
  4. (historical) an ancient type of coin
  5. short for 泉州 (Quánzhōu, “Quanzhou”)

Synonyms

  • (springwater):
  • 水泉 (shuǐquán) (literary or Min Nan)
  • 泉水 (quánshuǐ)
  • (mouth of a spring):

Compounds

References

  • “泉”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “泉”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 517.
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “泉”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 194.

Japanese

Kanji

泉

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. spring (source of water)

Readings

  • Go-on: ぜん (zen)
  • Kan-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
  • Kun: いずみ (izumi, 泉, Jōyō)←いづみ (idumi, 泉, historical)
  • Nanori: いず (izu)、ずい (zui)、ずみ (zumi)、ぜい (zei)、ぜん (zen)、の (no)

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
泉
いずみ
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

/idumi/ → /id͡zumi/ → (for most modern Japanese dialects; see also Yotsugana) /izumi/

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Compound of 出づ (ancient reading idu, modern izu, “to come out”) +‎ 水 (mi, “water”).[1][2][3][4]

Pronunciation

Noun

泉(いずみ) • (izumi) ←いづみ (idumi)?

  1. natural spring, a wellspring
    Synonyms: 湧泉, 涌泉 (yūsen)
    若(わか)返(がえ)りの泉(いずみ)
    Wakagaeri no Izumi
    The Fountain of Youth
    • 1999 August 26, “泉(いずみ)の妖(よう)精(せい) [Fairy of the Fountain]”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami:
      泉(いずみ)を守(まも)る妖(よう)精(せい)。泉(いずみ)を汚(けが)す者(もの)を容(よう)赦(しゃ)なく攻(こう)撃(げき)。
      Izumi o mamoru yōsei. Izumi o kegasu mono o yōsha naku kōgeki.
      A fairy who mercilessly assaults anyone who dares contaminate the fountain she’s sworn protects.

Proper noun

泉(いずみ) • (Izumi) ←いづみ (Idumi)?

  1. a place name
  2. a surname
  3. a female given name

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 泉 (MC dzjwen).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄍᆑᆫ (Yale: ccyyèn)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] ᄉᆡᆷ〯 (Yale: sǒym) 쳔 (Yale: chyèn)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource

泉 (eumhun 샘 천 (saem cheon))

  1. hanja form? of 천 (“spring”)

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

泉: Hán Nôm readings: tuyền

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