潮州

Chinese

	tide; current; damp tide; current; damp; moist; humid	province; prefecture; state province; prefecture; state; county
trad. (潮州)	潮	州
simp. ^#(潮州)	潮	州
alternative forms	潮洲

Etymology

The name of a new prefecture formed in 591 CE from parts of the Xun Prefecture (循州). According to 元和郡縣圖志 [813], it was named for the tides that flow in and out.

Chaozhou, Taiwan is named after Chaozhou, Guangdong.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Cháozhōu

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄠˊ ㄓㄡ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ciu⁴ zau¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ciau³ ziu¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Chhèu-chû

(Meixian, Guangdong): cau² zu¹
Eastern Min (BUC): Dièu-ciŭ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Tiô-chiu

(Teochew, Peng'im): diê⁵ ziu¹ / dio⁵ ziu¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zau-tseu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Cháozhōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄠˊ ㄓㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Cháojhou
  - Wade–Giles: Chʻao²-chou¹
  - Yale: Cháu-jōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chaurjou
  - Palladius: Чаочжоу (Čaočžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ciu⁴ zau¹
  - Yale: chìuh jāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu⁴ dzau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: qiu⁴ zeo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ciau³ ziu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiau²² t͡siu³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chhèu-chû
  - Hakka Romanization System: ceu^ˇ zu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ceu² zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰeu̯¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cau² zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰau¹¹ t͡su⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Dièu-ciŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tieu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)ʒieu⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Longyan, General Taiwanese, Penang, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiô-chiu
  - Tâi-lô: Tiô-tsiu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dioiciw
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɤ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Penang): /tio²³⁻²¹ t͡siu³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tio²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Longyan): /tio¹¹ t͡siu³³⁴/
  - IPA (Singapore): /tio²⁴⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tio²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: diê⁵ ziu¹ / dio⁵ ziu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiê tsiu / tiô tsiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tie⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/, /tio⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/

Note:

diê5 ziu1 - Chaozhou;
dio5 ziu1 - Shantou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zau-tseu
  - MiniDict: zau^去 tseu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zau-tseu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɔ²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: drjew tsyuw

Rime
Character	潮	州
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	宵 (92)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	直遙切	職流切
Baxter	drjew	tsyuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiᴇu/	/t͡ɕɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚiɛu/	/t͡ɕiu/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiæu/	/t͡ɕiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖiaw/	/cuw/
Li Rong	/ȡjɛu/	/t͡ɕiu/
Wang Li	/ȡĭɛu/	/t͡ɕĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯ɛu/	/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cháo	zhōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ciu⁴	zau¹

Proper noun

潮州

(～市) Chaozhou (a prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China)
(～鎮) Chaozhou (a township in Pingtung County, Taiwan)
(～府) (historical) Chaozhou (a former imperial-era commandery Guangdong, China); see also Chaoshan
- 因送哥嫂於卜去廣南城纔到潮州喜遇上元燈於月明 [Hokkien, trad.]
  因送哥嫂于卜去广南城才到潮州喜遇上元灯于月明 [Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 《陳三五娘·因送哥嫂》
  [translit?] [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

潮州人 (Cháozhōurén)
潮州佬煲粥——呢鑊杰 (ciu⁴ zau¹ lou² bou¹ zuk¹, ni¹ wok⁶ git⁶) (Cantonese)
潮州話 / 潮州话 (cháozhōuhuà)
潮州音樂——自己顧自己 / 潮州音乐——自己顾自己 (Cantonese)
潮汕 (Cháoshàn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (潮州):

→ Japanese: 潮州(ちょうしゅう) (Chōshū)
→ Korean: 조주(潮州) (Joju)
→ Vietnamese: Triều Châu (潮州)

Other:

→ English: Chaozhou, Teochew, etc. (see both entries for more)
→ Indonesian: Tiociu
→ Khmer: ទាជីវ (tiəciiw)
→ Malay: Teochew, Toechew
→ Thai: แต้จิ๋ว (dtɛ̂ɛ-jǐu)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
潮	州
ちょう Grade: 6	しゅう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːɕɨː]

Proper noun

潮(ちょう)州(しゅう) • (Chōshū) ^{←てうしう (Teusiu)^?}

Chaozhou (a prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China)

Derived terms

潮(ちょう)州(しゅう)語(ご) (Chōshūgo)
潮(ちょう)州(しゅう)人(じん) (Chōshūjin)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
潮	州
ちゃお Grade: 6	ちょう Grade: 3
irregular

Borrowed from Mandarin 潮州 (Cháozhōu).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [t͡ɕa̠o̞t͡ɕo̞ː]

Proper noun

潮州(チャオチョウ) • (Chaochō)

Chaozhou (a prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China)

Korean

Hanja in this term
潮	州

Proper noun

潮州 • (Joju) (hangeul 조주)

hanja form^? of 조주 (“Chaozhou”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
潮	州

Proper noun

潮州

chữ Hán form of Triều Châu (“Chaozhou”)