灣

See also: 湾

灣	U+7063, 灣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7063

← 灢
[U+7062]

CJK Unified Ideographs

灤 →
[U+7064]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

灣 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+22, 25 strokes, cangjie input 水女火弓 (EVFN), four-corner 3212₇, composition ⿰氵彎)

Descendants

湾

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 664, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18823
Dae Jaweon: page 1072, character 34
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1798, character 9
Unihan data for U+7063

Chinese

trad.		灣
simp.		湾

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (䜌) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蠻	*mroːn
矕	*mroːnʔ
變	*prons
鸞	*b·roːn
巒	*b·roːn
灤	*b·roːn
欒	*b·roːn
鑾	*b·roːn
臠	b·roːn, b·ronʔ
羉	*b·roːn
䜌	b·roːn, b·ron, *b·rons
灓	b·roːn, b·roːns, *b·rons
圝	*b·roːn
曫	*b·roːn
孿	smroːns, smrons
彎	*qroːn
灣	*qroːn
攣	*b·ron
孌	b·ronʔ, b·rons
戀	*b·rons
㪻	pʰlons, klons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qroːn): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 彎 (OC *qroːn) – a type of water.

Etymology

Cognate with 彎 (OC *qroːn, “bend; curve”) (Wang, 1982).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): wān (wan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄢ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wan¹

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ван (van, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): waan¹ / waan⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): van¹ / van³
Gan (Wiktionary): uan¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): vân

(Meixian, Guangdong): van¹
Jin (Wiktionary): van¹
Northern Min (KCR): ṳíng
Eastern Min (BUC): uăng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): uang² / uong² / orng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): oan / oân

(Teochew, Peng'im): uêng¹ / uang¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ue
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): uan¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wān
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wan
  - Wade–Giles: wan¹
  - Yale: wān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uan
  - Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wän⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: wan¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uan⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ван (van, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /væ̃²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: waan¹ / waan⁴
  - Yale: wāan / wàahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: waan¹ / waan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wan¹ / wan⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /waːn⁵⁵/, /waːn²¹/

Note: waan4 - used in some place names.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: van¹ / van³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /van³³/, /van²²/

Note: van3 - used in some place names.

Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: uan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uan⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vân
  - Hakka Romanization System: van^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: van¹
  - Sinological IPA: /van²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: van¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ʋan⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: van¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /væ̃¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳíng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yiŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: uăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uaŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: uang²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: uáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uaŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: uong²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uoŋ²⁴/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: orng²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ó̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɒŋ¹³/

Note: orng2 - only used in 天九灣 (a place in Putian).

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oan / oân
  - Tâi-lô: uan / uân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oafn, oaan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /uan⁴⁴/, /uan²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /uan³³/, /uan²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan⁴⁴/, /uan¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /uan⁴⁴/, /uan²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan⁴⁴/, /uan²³/

Note: oân - used in some place names (e.g. 臺灣).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: uêng¹ / uang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ueng / uang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ueŋ³³/, /uaŋ³³/

Note:

uêng1 - Chaozhou;
uang1 - Shantou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹ue
  - MiniDict: ue^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ue
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ue⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: uan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u̯an³³/

Middle Chinese: 'waen

Rime
Character	灣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	烏關切
Baxter	'waen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠuan/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔʷᵚan/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔwaɨn/
Li Rong	/ʔuan/
Wang Li	/wan/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔwan/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	waan¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qroːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	灣
Reading #	1/1
No.	8627
Phonetic component	
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	彎
Old Chinese	/*qroːn/
Notes	彎分化字

Definitions

灣

(geography) bend in a river; riverbend
(geography) bay; gulf
(regional, nautical) to berth; to anchor; to moor
a surname

Usage notes

In Hokkien, the character 灣 is usually read as oan (e.g. in 海灣／海湾 (hái-oan)). The reading of oân in the context of the toponym 臺灣／台湾 (Tâi-oân, “Taiwan”) is an exception stemming from the historical variant 臺員／台员.

Synonyms

(bend in a river): 河灣／河湾 (héwān)
(bay): 海灣／海湾 (hǎiwān)
(to berth): 停泊 (tíngbó)

Compounds

一灣子 / 一湾子
三灣 / 三湾 (Sānwān)
上車灣 / 上车湾 (Shàngchēwān)
亞丁灣 / 亚丁湾 (Yàdīngwān)
付家灣 / 付家湾 (Fùjiāwān)
前灣 / 前湾 (Qiánwān)
北灣 / 北湾 (Běiwān)
吳家灣 / 吴家湾 (Wújiāwān)
吳灣 / 吴湾 (Wúwān)
周家灣 / 周家湾 (Zhōujiāwān)
土瓜灣 / 土瓜湾 (Tǔguāwān, “To Kwa Wan”)
大亞灣 / 大亚湾 (Dàyàwān)
大連灣 / 大连湾 (Dàliánwān)
孔灣 / 孔湾 (Kǒngwān)
寶塔灣 / 宝塔湾 (Bǎotǎwān)
岩灣 / 岩湾 (Yánwān)
峽灣 / 峡湾 (xiáwān)
席特拉灣 / 席特拉湾
幾內亞灣 / 几内亚湾
廖灣 / 廖湾 (Liàowān)
廣州灣 / 广州湾 (Guǎngzhōuwān)
廣東灣 / 广东湾
張家灣 / 张家湾 (Zhāngjiāwān)
張灣 / 张湾 (Zhāngwān, “Zhangwan”)
彭家灣 / 彭家湾 (Péngjiāwān)
後頭灣 / 后头湾 (Hòutouwān)
排灣 / 排湾 (Páiwān)
排灣族 / 排湾族 (Páiwānzú)
料羅灣 / 料罗湾
施家灣 / 施家湾 (Shījiāwān)
旗杆灣 (Qígānwān)
暹羅灣 / 暹罗湾 (Xiānluówān)
朱灣 / 朱湾 (Zhūwān)
李灣 / 李湾 (Lǐwān)
東京灣 / 东京湾 (Dōngjīngwān)
杭州灣 / 杭州湾 (Hángzhōuwān)
松樹灣 / 松树湾 (Sōngshùwān)
東灣 / 东湾 (Dōngwān)
楊柳灣 / 杨柳湾 (Yángliǔwān)
楊溪灣 / 杨溪湾 (Yángxīwān)
樓子灣 / 楼子湾 (Lóuziwān)
江灣 / 江湾 (Jiāngwān)
波斯灣 / 波斯湾 (Bōsī Wān)
海灣 / 海湾 (hǎiwān)
港灣 / 港湾 (gǎngwān)
溪丘灣 / 溪丘湾 (Xīqiūwān)
潘家灣 / 潘家湾 (Pānjiāwān)
灣井 / 湾井 (Wānjǐng)
灣洄 / 湾洄
灣流 / 湾流 (Wānliú)
灣潭 / 湾潭 (Wāntán)
灣澴 / 湾澴
灣灣 / 湾湾 (Wānwān)
灣轉 / 湾转
玫瑰灣 / 玫瑰湾 (Méiguīwān)
琚灣 / 琚湾 (Jūwān)
田灣 / 田湾 (Tiánwān)
白沙灣 / 白沙湾
百家灣 / 百家湾
盧灣 / 卢湾 (Lúwān)
瞿家灣 / 瞿家湾 (Qújiāwān)
程灣 / 程湾 (Chéngwān)
窯灣 / 窑湾 (Yáowān)
筲箕灣 / 筲箕湾 (Shāojīwān, “Shau Kei Wan”)
老灣 / 老湾 (Lǎowān)
肖灣 / 肖湾
肥沃月灣 / 肥沃月湾
膠州灣 / 胶州湾 (Jiāozhōuwān)
臺灣 / 台灣 / 台湾 (Táiwān)
芬蘭灣 / 芬兰湾 (Fēnlánwān)
芝麻灣 / 芝麻湾 (Zhīmawān)
西李灣 / 西李湾 (Xīlǐwān)
覃灣 / 覃湾 (Tánwān)
譚家灣 / 谭家湾 (Tánjiāwān)
谷灣 / 谷湾
趙灣 / 赵湾 (Zhàowān)
轉灣抹角 / 转湾抹角
過渡灣 / 过渡湾 (Guòdùwān)
遼東灣 / 辽东湾 (Liáodōngwān)
都鎮灣 / 都镇湾 (Dūzhènwān)
鄒灣 / 邹湾 (Zōuwān)
鄭灣 / 郑湾 (Zhèngwān)
金蘭灣 / 金兰湾
金角灣 / 金角湾 (Jīnjiǎowān)
鞏家灣 / 巩家湾 (Gǒngjiāwān)
韓家灣 / 韩家湾 (Hánjiāwān)
韓灣 / 韩湾 (Hánwān)
馬灣 / 马湾 (Mǎwān)
鹽池灣 / 盐池湾 (Yánchíwān)
黃灣 / 黄湾 (Huángwān)
墨西哥灣 / 墨西哥湾 (Mòxīgē Wān)
黨城灣 / 党城湾 (Dǎngchéngwān)
龍灣 / 龙湾 (Lóngwān)

Japanese

Shinjitai	湾
Kyūjitai	灣

Kanji

灣

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 湾)

Kyūjitai form of 湾

Readings

On (unclassified): わん (wan)
Kun: いりこむ (irikomu)

Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading influenced by Middle Chinese 蠻 (MC maen). The original reading is 완 (wan) based on Middle Chinese 灣 (MC 'waen).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᅙᅪᆫ (Yale: qwàn)
Early Modern Korean
Text	Final (韻)	Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751	刪	완 (wan)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ma̠n]
Phonetic hangul: [만]

Hanja

Wikisource

灣 (eumhun 물굽이 만 (mulgubi man))

hanja form^? of 만 (“(geography) bay; gulf”) [noun]

Compounds

대만 (臺灣, Daeman)
만류 (灣流, mallyu)
진주만 (眞珠灣, Jinjuman, “Pearl Harbor”)
항만 (港灣, hangman)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

灣: Hán Nôm readings: loan, loáng, loãng, vịnh

bay, gulf