狄

狄	U+72C4, 狄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72C4

← 狃
[U+72C3]

CJK Unified Ideographs

狅 →
[U+72C5]

Translingual

Han character

狄 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 大竹火 (KHF), four-corner 4928₀, composition ⿰犭火)

Derived characters

唙, 𢙹, 𪶆, 逖, 梑, 𦛡, 𥇃, 𧼃, 𱃀, 𩷎, 荻, 𱢃, 𥭳, 䯼, 𠜓, 悐

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 707, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20290
Dae Jaweon: page 1120, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1337, character 1
Unihan data for U+72C4

Chinese

trad.		狄
simp. ^#		狄
alternative forms		翟

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 狄
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
逖	*tʰeːɡ
悐	*tʰeːɡ
狄	*deːɡ
荻	*deːɡ
梑	*deːɡ

Etymology

"northern foreigners": Unknown. Goldin (2011) proposes that 狄 (dí)/翟 (dí) was a "pseudo-ethnonym" and meant "feathered"; Liji mentioned that the Dí's clothings were made of birds' feathers and mammals' hairs[1]. If so, see 翟 (dí) for more etymology.

"low servant": Either based on the northern foreigners' endo-ethnonym, or more likely Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Monic *ɗiik, Proto-Bahnaric *ɗɨc, as well as Proto-Mon-Khmer **ɗiək ~ ɗiik ~ *ɗik (“slave”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dí, tì (di², ti⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˊ, ㄊㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dik⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): te̍k / tia̍k
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸diq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dí
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dí
  - Wade–Giles: ti²
  - Yale: dí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dyi
  - Palladius: ди (di)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tì
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tì
  - Wade–Giles: tʻi⁴
  - Yale: tì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tih
  - Palladius: ти (ti)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dik⁶
  - Yale: dihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɪk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: te̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ti̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dek
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /tiɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚²⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸diq
  - MiniDict: dih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵diq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /diɪʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: dek

Rime
Character	狄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徒歷切
Baxter	dek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/dek̚/
Wang Li	/diek̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤek/

(Zhengzhang): /*deːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	狄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dí
Middle Chinese	‹ dek ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁek/
English	(name of a northern tribe)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	狄
Reading #	1/1
No.	2206
Phonetic component
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	荻
Old Chinese	/*deːɡ/

Definitions

狄

the Di people; Zhou dynasty era term for tribes from northern China
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) low servant
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 翟
a surname
狄仁傑／狄仁杰 ― Dí Rénjié ― Di Renjie (Tang dynasty chancellor)

Compounds

亞加狄亞 / 亚加狄亚
儀狄 / 仪狄
北狄 (Běidí)
夷狄 (yídí)
庫狄 / 库狄
戎狄 (róngdí)
揄狄
狄宮 / 狄宫
狄牙
狄良突盧 / 狄良突卢
白狄
簡狄 / 简狄
蠻夷戎狄 / 蛮夷戎狄 (mányí róngdí)

Japanese

Kanji

狄

(Hyōgai kanji)

barbarian

Readings

On (unclassified): てき (teki)
Kun: えびす (ebisu)

Compounds

夷狄(いてき) (iteki)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 狄 (MC dek). Recorded as Middle Korean 뎍〮 (tyék) (Yale: tyek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

狄 (eumhun 오랑캐 적 (orangkae jeok))

hanja form^? of 적 (“tribe from northern China”)

Compounds

북적 (北狄, bukjeok)
융적 (戎狄, yungjeok)
이적 (夷狄, ijeok)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

狄: Hán Nôm readings: địch, đệt

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