瑜伽

Chinese

	phonetic
trad. (瑜伽)	瑜	伽
simp. ^#(瑜伽)	瑜	伽
alternative forms	瑜珈

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit योग (yoga) [7th century].

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yújiā

(Zhuyin): ㄩˊ ㄐㄧㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴ gaa¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì-kâ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): jû-ka / lû-ka / ió-gà

(Teochew, Peng'im): ru⁵ gia¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yu-cia

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yújiā
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˊ ㄐㄧㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yújia
  - Wade–Giles: yü²-chia¹
  - Yale: yú-jyā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yujia
  - Palladius: юйцзя (jujczja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    漁家 / 渔家
    瑜伽
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jyu⁴ gaa¹
  - Yale: yùh gā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴ gaa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴ ga¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹ kaː⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    儒家
    漁家 / 渔家
    瑜伽
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-kâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: i^ˇ ga^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi² ga¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i¹¹ ka²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-kâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)i^ˇ ga^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi² ga¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹ ka²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jû-ka
  - Tâi-lô: jû-ka
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ju'kaf
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu²³⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lû-ka
  - Tâi-lô: lû-ka
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lu'kaf
  - IPA (Taipei): /lu²⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ió-gà
  - Tâi-lô: ió-gà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ioy'gax
  - IPA (Taipei): /io⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡa¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡa²¹/

Note: ió-gà - neologism, via English.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ru⁵ gia¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jû kia
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kia³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶yu-cia
  - MiniDict: yu^去 cia
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhy-jia
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦy²² t͡ɕia⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: yu gja

Rime
Character	瑜	伽
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	戈 (96)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	羊朱切	求迦切
Baxter	yu	gja
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨo/	/ɡɨɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/jio/	/ɡiɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/io/	/ɡiɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juə̆/	/gɨa/
Li Rong	/io/	/ɡiɑ/
Wang Li	/jĭu/	/ɡǐɑ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯u/	/gi̯ɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yú	qié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁴	ke⁴

Noun

瑜伽

yoga (physical, mental, and spiritual practice or discipline)
練瑜伽／练瑜伽 ― liàn yújiā ― to practise yoga

Synonyms

瑜伽功 (yújiāgōng)
瑜伽術／瑜伽术 (yújiāshù)

Derived terms

熱力瑜伽 / 热力瑜伽 (rèlì yújiā)
熱瑜伽 / 热瑜伽 (rèyújiā)
瑜伽塊 / 瑜伽块
瑜伽士 (yújiāshì)
瑜伽宗
瑜伽師地論 / 瑜伽师地论
瑜伽派
瑜伽行派
高溫瑜伽 / 高温瑜伽 (gāowēn yújiā)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (瑜伽):

→ Japanese: 瑜伽(ゆが) (yuga)
→ Korean: 유가(瑜伽) (yuga)
→ Vietnamese: du già (瑜伽)

References

PTS Taigi

Japanese

Kanji in this term
瑜	伽
ゆ Hyōgai	が Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 瑜伽 (jɨo ɡɨɑ), from Sanskrit योग (yoga). Doublet of ヨーガ (yōga) and ヨガ (yoga).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ゆが [yúꜜgà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [jɯ̟ɡa̠]

Noun

瑜(ゆ)伽(が) • (yuga)

yoga

Synonyms

ヨーガ (yōga), ヨガ (yoga)

Derived terms

三密瑜伽(さんみつゆが) (sanmitsuyuga)
瑜伽教(ゆがきょう) (yugakyō)
瑜伽三密(ゆがさんみつ) (yugasanmitsu)
瑜伽師地論(ゆがしじろん) (yugashijiron)
瑜伽宗(ゆがしゅう) (yugashū)
瑜伽上乗(ゆがじょうじょう) (yugajōjō)
瑜伽振鈴(ゆがしんれい) (yugashinrei)
瑜伽論(ゆがろん) (yugaron)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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