伽

伽	U+4F3D, 伽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F3D

← 似
[U+4F3C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

伾 →
[U+4F3E]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

伽 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人大尸口 (OKSR), four-corner 2620₀, composition ⿰亻加)

Derived characters

𭇿𫈆

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 97, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 486
Dae Jaweon: page 205, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 140, character 7
Unihan data for U+4F3D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (加) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
妿	kaːl, qaːl
賀	*ɡaːls
迦	ka, kal, *kraːl
茄	ɡa, ɡal, *kraːl
伽	ɡa, ɡal
枷	ɡa, ɡal, *kraːl
嘉	*kraːl
加	*kraːl
笳	*kraːl
痂	*kraːl
袈	*kraːl
跏	*kraːl
珈	*kraːl
鴐	*kraːl
架	*kraːls
駕	*kraːls
瘸	*ɡʷal

simp. and trad.		伽

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡa, *ɡal): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl).

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qié (qie²)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄝˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ke⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qié
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cié
  - Wade–Giles: chʻieh²
  - Yale: chyé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chye
  - Palladius: це (ce)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ke⁴
  - Yale: kèh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ke⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ké⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɛː²¹/

Middle Chinese: gja

Rime
Character	伽
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	戈 (96)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	求迦切
Baxter	gja
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨa/
Li Rong	/ɡiɑ/
Wang Li	/ɡǐɑ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯ɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ke⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡa/, /*ɡal/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	伽	伽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	5868	5869
Phonetic component	加	加
Rime group	魚	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ɡa/	/*ɡal/
Notes	譯音字，僧saṃɡha

Definitions

伽

archaic form of 茄 (“eggplant”)
- 盛冬育荀，舊菜增伽。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  盛冬育荀，旧菜增伽。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Western Han dynasty, Yang Xiong (attributed),《蜀都賦》; English translation by Knechtges (2022)^[1]
  Shèng dōng yù xún, jiù cài zēng qié. [Pinyin]
  In the peak of winter bamboo shoots grow here. Among the old vegetables there is also eggplant.
Used in transcription. Especially for Sanskrit syllables गा (gā), ग (ga), घा (ghā), घ (gha), का (kā), and क (ka).

Compounds

伽伽
伽南香 (qiénánxiāng)
伽藍 / 伽蓝 (qiélán)
伽藍鳥 / 伽蓝鸟 (qiélánniǎo)
僧伽
僧伽藍 / 僧伽蓝
楞伽經 / 楞伽经
薄伽梵 (Bóqiéfàn)
迦膩色伽 / 迦腻色伽 (Jiānìsèqié)
迦陵頻伽 / 迦陵频伽 (jiālíngpínjiā)
阿伽陀 (āqiétuó)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiā (jia¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiā
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jia
  - Wade–Giles: chia¹
  - Yale: jyā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jia
  - Palladius: цзя (czja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gaa¹
  - Yale: gā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ga¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː⁵⁵/

Definitions

伽

Used in transcription.
short for 伽利略 (jiālìlüè, “galileo (unit)”)

Compounds

伽倻琴 (jiāyēqín)
伽利略 (jiālìlüè)
伽師 / 伽师 (Jiāshī)
僧伽羅語 / 僧伽罗语 (Sēngjiāluóyǔ)
歐米伽 / 欧米伽 (ōumǐjiā)
熱力瑜伽 / 热力瑜伽 (rèlì yújiā)
熱瑜伽 / 热瑜伽 (rèyújiā)
瑜伽 (yújiā)
瑜伽功 (yújiāgōng)
瑜伽士 (yújiāshì)
瑜伽宗
瑜伽派
瑜伽行派
瑜伽術 / 瑜伽术 (yújiāshù)
那伽
阿伏伽德羅常量 / 阿伏伽德罗常量 (Āfújiādéluó chángliàng)
阿伏伽德羅數 / 阿伏伽德罗数 (Āfújiādéluó-shù)
高溫瑜伽 / 高温瑜伽 (gāowēn yújiā)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gā, jiā

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄚ, ㄐㄧㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gā
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ga
  - Wade–Giles: ka¹
  - Yale: gā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ga
  - Palladius: га (ga)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiā
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jia
  - Wade–Giles: chia¹
  - Yale: jyā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jia
  - Palladius: цзя (czja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gaa¹
  - Yale: gā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ga¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː⁵⁵/

Definitions

伽

Used in transcription. Especially for the first syllable of the word gamma.

Compounds

伽馬刀 / 伽马刀 (gāmǎdāo)
伽馬射線 / 伽马射线 (gāmǎ shèxiàn)
伽馬粒子 / 伽马粒子 (gāmǎ lìzǐ)

References

羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “伽”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03449-002

^ Knechtges, David R. (2022) “A Problematic Fu of The Western Han: The “Shu Du Fu” Attributed to Yang Xiong”, in Williams, Nicholas Morrow, editor, Reading Fu Poetry: From the Han to Song Dynasties, page 59 of 39-86

Japanese

Kanji

伽

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

nursing
attending
entertainer
used for transliterating Sanskrit

Readings

Go-on: ぎゃ (gya)
Kan-on: きゃ (kya)
Kan’yō-on: か (ka)、が (ga)
Kun: とぎ (togi, 伽)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
伽
とぎ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [to̞ɡʲi]

Noun

伽(とぎ) • (togi)

relieving one of boredom with a story; also, such a person
attending one in their bedroom; also, such a person
nursing or taking care of a person; also, such a person

Korean

Hanja

伽 (eumhun 절 가 (jeol ga))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

伽: Hán Nôm readings: già, giả, gia, nhà

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

[Knechtges-2022-1] Knechtges, David R. (2022) “A Problematic Fu of The Western Han: The “Shu Du Fu” Attributed to Yang Xiong”, in Williams, Nicholas Morrow, editor, Reading Fu Poetry: From the Han to Song Dynasties, page 59 of 39-86

[1]