賀

See also: 贺

賀	U+8CC0, 賀 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CC0

← 貿
[U+8CBF]

CJK Unified Ideographs

賁 →
[U+8CC1]

Translingual

Han character

賀 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 大口月山金 (KRBUC), four-corner 4680₆, composition ⿱加貝)

Derived characters

㵑𪳺𧝂𧬂𮜗𠟒𮆓

Descendants

𛀞

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1207, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36725
Dae Jaweon: page 1671, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3636, character 4
Unihan data for U+8CC0

Chinese

trad.		賀
simp.		贺

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 賀
Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (加) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
妿	kaːl, qaːl
賀	*ɡaːls
迦	ka, kal, *kraːl
茄	ɡa, ɡal, *kraːl
伽	ɡa, ɡal
枷	ɡa, ɡal, *kraːl
嘉	*kraːl
加	*kraːl
笳	*kraːl
痂	*kraːl
袈	*kraːl
跏	*kraːl
珈	*kraːl
鴐	*kraːl
架	*kraːls
駕	*kraːls
瘸	*ɡʷal

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaːls): phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl) + semantic 貝 (“shellfish money”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hè (he⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ho⁶ / ho³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ho

(Meixian, Guangdong): fo⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): hô̤
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hō

(Teochew, Peng'im): ho⁷
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶wu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hè
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hè
  - Wade–Giles: ho⁴
  - Yale: hè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: heh
  - Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ho⁶ / ho³
  - Yale: hoh / ho
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ho⁶ / ho³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ho⁶ / ho³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔː²²/, /hɔː³³/

Note: ho3 - variant (rare).

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ho
  - Hakka Romanization System: ho
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ho⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ho⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fo⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fo⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hô̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō
  - Tâi-lô: hō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoi
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ho²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ho⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ho²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ho³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ho⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hō
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ho¹¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶wu
  - MiniDict: wu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²³/

Middle Chinese: haH

Rime
Character	賀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡箇切
Baxter	haH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦa^H/
Li Rong	/ɣɑ^H/
Wang Li	/ɣɑ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣɑ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ho⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kˤaj-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	賀
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hè
Middle Chinese	‹ ha^H ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kˁaj-s/
English	congratulate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	賀
Reading #	1/1
No.	5862
Phonetic component	加
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːls/

Definitions

賀

to congratulate
慶賀／庆贺 ― qìnghè ― to celebrate; congratulate
- 受天之祜，四方來賀。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  受天之祜，四方来贺。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Shòu tiān zhī hù, sìfāng lái hè. [Pinyin]
  They will receive the blessing of Heaven.
  And from the four quarters [of the kingdom] will felicitations come to them.
a surname
賀知章／贺知章 ― Hè Zhīzhāng ― He Zhizhang / He Chih-chang (a Chinese poet, one of the Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup)

Compounds

可喜可賀 / 可喜可贺 (kěxǐkěhè)
可賀 / 可贺 (kěhè)
可賀敦 / 可贺敦
吐賀 / 吐贺
同賀 / 同贺
弔賀迎送 / 吊贺迎送
忭賀 / 忭贺
恭賀 / 恭贺 (gōnghè)
恭賀新禧 / 恭贺新禧 (gōnghèxīnxǐ)
慶賀 / 庆贺 (qìnghè)
拜賀 / 拜贺 (bàihè)
有賀 / 有贺
朝賀 / 朝贺 (cháohè)
燕賀 / 燕贺
燕雀相賀 / 燕雀相贺
祝賀 / 祝贺 (zhùhè)
稱賀 / 称贺 (chēnghè)
網路賀卡 / 网路贺卡
致賀 / 致贺
賀儀 / 贺仪 (hèyí)
賀函 / 贺函
賀分 / 贺分
賀功 / 贺功 (hègōng)
賀卡 / 贺卡 (hèkǎ)
賀后罵殿 / 贺后骂殿
賀喜 / 贺喜 (hèxǐ)
賀喜撮空 / 贺喜撮空
賀壽 / 贺寿 (hèshòu)
賀客 / 贺客
賀家坪 / 贺家坪 (Hèjiāpíng)
賀年 / 贺年 (hènián)
賀年卡 / 贺年卡
賀年片 / 贺年片
賀忱 / 贺忱
賀悃 / 贺悃
賀房 / 贺房
賀正 / 贺正 (hèzhēng)
賀歲 / 贺岁 (hèsuì)
賀爾蒙 / 贺尔蒙 (hè'ěrméng)
賀禮 / 贺礼 (hèlǐ)
賀節 / 贺节
賀蘭 / 贺兰 (Hèlán)
賀蘭山 / 贺兰山 (Hèlán Shān)
賀表 / 贺表
賀詞 / 贺词 (hècí)
賀電 / 贺电 (hèdiàn)
道賀 / 道贺 (dàohè)
開賀 / 开贺
陛賀 / 陛贺
電子賀卡 / 电子贺卡
電賀 / 电贺 (diànhè)

References

“賀”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

賀

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

congratulate, greet, celebrate

Readings

Go-on: が (ga, Jōyō)
Kan-on: か (ka)
Kun: よろこぶ (yorokobu, 賀ぶ)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
賀
が Grade: 4
goon

From Middle Chinese 賀 (MC haH).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) が [gáꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɡa̠]

(Tokyo) いわい [ìwáꜜì] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]
IPA^(key): [iβ̞a̠i]

Noun

賀(が) • (ga) 賀(いわい) • (iwai)

congratulation

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

賀 • (ha) (hangeul 하, revised ha, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

賀: Hán Nôm readings: hạ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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