白國

See also: 白国

Chinese

	white; empty; blank white; empty; blank; bright; clear; plain; pure; gratuitous	country; state; nation
trad. (白國)	白	國
simp. (白国)	白	国
anagram	國白／国白
Literally: “white country”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): Báiguó

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): Be² gue²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): Быйгуә (Bɨyguə, I-I) / Быйгуй (Bɨyguy, I-I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): baak⁶ gwok³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): bak⁵ gok²
Gan (Wiktionary): pah⁷ guet⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Pha̍k-koet

(Meixian, Guangdong): pag⁶ guêd⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): bai¹ gueh⁴ / bieh⁵ gueh⁴
Northern Min (KCR): Bà̤-gŏ
Eastern Min (BUC): Bĕk-guók
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Pe̍h-kok / Pe̍eh-kok / Pe̍k-kok / Pia̍k-kok

(Teochew, Peng'im): bêh⁸ gog⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸baq-koq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): be⁶ gue⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Báiguó
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Báiguó
  - Wade–Giles: Pai²-kuo²
  - Yale: Bái-gwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Bairgwo
  - Palladius: Байго (Bajgo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: Be² gue²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: Begue
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛ²¹ kuɛ²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: Быйгуә (Bɨyguə, I-I) / Быйгуй (Bɨyguy, I-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei²⁴ kuə²⁴/, /pei²⁴ kuei²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: baak⁶ gwok³
  - Yale: baahk gwok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: baak⁹ gwok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: bag⁶ guog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːk̚² kʷɔːk̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: bak⁵ gok²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pak̚³² kɔk̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: pah⁷ guet⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaʔ² kuɛt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Pha̍k-koet
  - Hakka Romanization System: pag gued^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pag⁶ gued⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰak̚⁵ ku̯et̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: pag⁶ guêd⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰak̚⁵ kuɛt̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: bai¹ gueh⁴ / bieh⁵ gueh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pai¹¹ kuəʔ²/, /piəʔ⁵⁴ kuəʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Bà̤-gŏ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛ⁴² ko²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Bĕk-guók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛiʔ⁵⁻²¹ kuɔʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pe̍h-kok
  - Tâi-lô: Pe̍h-kok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peqkog
  - IPA (Taipei): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pe̍eh-kok
  - Tâi-lô: Pe̍eh-kok
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pe̍k-kok
  - Tâi-lô: Pi̍k-kok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pegkog
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /piɪk̚⁴⁻³² kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pia̍k-kok
  - Tâi-lô: Pia̍k-kok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piagkog
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /piak̚²⁴⁻² kɔk̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bêh⁸ gog⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pe̍h kok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /peʔ⁴⁻² kok̚²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸baq-koq
  - MiniDict: bah^入 koh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵baq-koq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /baʔ¹¹ koʔ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: be⁶ gue⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɤ̞²⁴ ku̯ɤ̞²⁴/

Middle Chinese: baek kwok

Rime
Character	白	國
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	陌 (113)	德 (132)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	傍陌切	古或切
Baxter	baek	kwok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠæk̚/	/kwək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚak̚/	/kʷək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/bak̚/	/kuək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/baɨjk̚/	/kwək̚/
Li Rong	/bɐk̚/	/kuək̚/
Wang Li	/bɐk̚/	/kuək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱɐk̚/	/kwək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bó	guo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bak⁶	gwak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*bˤrak [C.q]ʷˤək/

(Zhengzhang): /*braːɡ kʷɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	白	國
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bái	guó
Middle Chinese	‹ bæk ›	‹ kwok ›
Old Chinese	/*bˁrak/	/*[C.q]ʷˁək/
English	white	state (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	白	國
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	207	5547
Phonetic component	白	或
Rime group	鐸	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	白	國
Old Chinese	/*braːɡ/	/*kʷɯːɡ/

Proper noun

白國

Biełaruś (a country in Europe)

Synonyms

白羅斯／白罗斯 (Báiluósī)
白俄羅斯／白俄罗斯 (Bái'éluósī)

Derived terms

白國人 / 白国人