福建

Chinese

		good fortune; happiness; luck good fortune; happiness; luck; Fujian province (abbrev.); surname	to establish; to found; to set up to establish; to found; to set up; to build; to construct
simp. and trad. (福建)		福	建

Etymology

Short for 福州 (Fúzhōu) + 建州 (Jiànzhōu), two ancient prefectures in modern Fujian. Coined with the establishment of 福建路 (“Fujian Circuit”) in 985 CE by the Northern Song court.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Fújiàn

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fuk¹ gin³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): fuuk² gen⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): fuh⁶ jien
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Fuk-kien / Fuk-kian

(Hailu, HRS): fug gien^ˇ

(Meixian, Guangdong): fug⁵ gian⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): Hók-gióng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horh⁶ goeng⁴ / horh⁶ gyoeng⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Hok-kiàn

(Teochew, Peng'im): hog⁴ giêng³ / hog⁴ giang³
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁷foq-ci₅ / ⁷foq-cie₅

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Fújiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Fújiàn
  - Wade–Giles: Fu²-chien⁴
  - Yale: Fú-jyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Fwujiann
  - Palladius: Фуцзянь (Fuczjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fuk¹ gin³
  - Yale: fūk gin
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fuk⁷ gin³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fug¹ gin³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊk̚⁵ kiːn³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: fuuk² gen⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɵk̚⁵⁵ ken³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: fuh⁶ jien
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuʔ⁵ t͡ɕiɛn²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Fuk-kien
  - Hakka Romanization System: fug^ˋ gien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fug⁵ gian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fuk̚² ki̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Fuk-kian
  - Hakka Romanization System: fug^ˋ gian
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fug⁵ gian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fuk̚² ki̯an⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: fug gien^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /fuk⁵⁻² kien¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fug⁵ gian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fʊk̚¹ kian⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Hók-gióng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kyɔŋ²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: horh⁶ goeng⁴ [Phonetic: horh⁷ goeng⁴]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Ho̤h-ge̤̍ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kœŋ⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: horh⁶ gyoeng⁴ [Phonetic: horh⁷ gyoeng⁴]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒʔ²⁻⁴ kyøŋ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Penang, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hok-kiàn
  - Tâi-lô: Hok-kiàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hokkiexn
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɛn¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɛn²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Penang): /hɔk̚³⁻⁴ kiɛn²¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kiɛn²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hog⁴ giêng³ / hog⁴ giang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hok kièng / hok kiàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hok̚²⁻⁴ kieŋ²¹³/, /hok̚²⁻⁴ kiaŋ²¹³/

Note:

hog4 giêng3 - Chaozhou;
hog4 giang3 - Shantou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷foq-ci₅
  - MiniDict: foh^入 ci^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴foq-ji₂
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /foʔ³³ t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Jiaxing)
  - Wugniu: ⁷foq-cie₅
  - MiniDict: foh^入 cie^去
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /foʔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕie²¹/

Proper noun

福建

(～省) Fujian (a province of the People's Republic of China (mainland China), located on the southeastern coast)

Usage notes

Kinmen (Quemoy) and Lienchiang (Matsu) counties, offshore island groups governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan), are excluded or included based on the context.

Derived terms

福建人 (Fújiànrén)
福建子
福建幫 / 福建帮 (fújiànbāng)
福建水師 / 福建水师 (Fújiàn Shuǐshī)
福建炒飯 / 福建炒饭 (Fújiàn chǎofàn)
福建船 (fújiànchuán)
福建話 / 福建话 (fújiànhuà)
福建麵 / 福建面 (Fújiànmiàn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (福建):

→ Japanese: 福(ふっ)建(けん) (Fukken)
→ Okinawan: 福(ふ)建(ちゃん) (Fuchan)
→ Korean: 복건(福建) (Bokgeon)
→ Vietnamese: Phúc Kiến (福建)

Others:

→ English: Fujian, Fuhkien, Fukien, Fu-chien, Fookien, Fokien, Hokkien
→ Georgian: ფუძიენი (puʒieni)
→ Khmer: ហុកកៀន (hokkiən)
→ Korean: 푸젠 (Pujen)
→ Malay: Fujian, Hokkien, Hokkian
→ Russian: Фуцзя́нь (Fuczjánʹ), фуцзя́нец (fuczjánec)
→ Spanish: Fujian, Fokien, Fukién
→ Tagalog: Fukien, Hokkien
→ Thai: ฝูเจี้ยน, ฮกเกี้ยน

Japanese

Kanji in this term
福	建
ふく > ふっ Grade: 3	けん Grade: 4
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟k̚kẽ̞ɴ]

Proper noun

福(ふっ)建(けん) • (Fukken)

Fujian (a province of the People's Republic of China (mainland China), located on the southeastern coast)

Derived terms

福(ふっ)建(けん)語(ご) (fukkengo)

Korean

Hanja in this term
福	建

Proper noun

福建 • (Bokgeon) (hangeul 복건)

hanja form^? of 복건 : Fujian (a province of the People's Republic of China (mainland China), located on the southeastern coast)

Okinawan

Kanji in this term
福	建
Grade: 3	Grade: 4

Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɸut͡ɕaŋ̍/

Proper noun

福建(ふちゃん) (Fuchan)

Fujian (a province of the People's Republic of China (mainland China), located on the southeastern coast)

References

“フチャン” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
福	建

Proper noun

福建

chữ Hán form of Phúc Kiến (“Fujian”)