習慣

See also: 习惯

Chinese

	to practise; to study; habit	accustomed to; used to
trad. (習慣)	習	慣
simp. (习惯)	习	惯
anagram	慣習／惯习

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xíguàn

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄢˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zaap⁶ gwaan³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): dip⁵ gan¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): si̍p-koan

(Hailu, HRS): sib^ˋ guan^ˇ

(Meixian, Guangdong): xib⁶ guan⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): sĭk-guáng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sih⁷ guang⁴ / sih⁷ guong⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): si̍p-koàn

(Teochew, Peng'im): sib⁸ guêng³ / sib⁸ guang³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸zhiq-kue

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xíguàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: síguàn
  - Wade–Giles: hsi²-kuan⁴
  - Yale: syí-gwàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyiguann
  - Palladius: сигуань (siguanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi³⁵ ku̯än⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaap⁶ gwaan³
  - Yale: jaahp gwaan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaap⁹ gwaan³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zab⁶ guan³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːp̚² kʷaːn³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: dip⁵ gan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tip̚³² kan³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: si̍p-koan
  - Hakka Romanization System: xib guan
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xib⁶ guan⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sip̚⁵ ku̯an⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: sib^ˋ guan^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /sip² kuan¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: xib⁶ guan⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ɕip̚⁵ kuan⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭk-guáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siʔ⁵⁻²¹ kuɑŋ²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sih⁷ guang⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: si̍h-gua̍ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiʔ⁴ kuaŋ⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sih⁷ guong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiʔ⁴ kuoŋ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍p-koàn
  - Tâi-lô: si̍p-kuàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sibkoaxn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sip̚⁴⁻³² kuan²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sip̚²⁴⁻² kuan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kuan²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sip̚⁴⁻³² kuan¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sip̚⁴⁻³² kuan²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sib⁸ guêng³ / sib⁸ guang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: si̍p kuèng / si̍p kuàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sip̚⁴⁻² kueŋ²¹³/, /sip̚⁴⁻² kuaŋ²¹³/

Note:

sib8 guêng3 - Chaozhou;
sib8 guang3 - Shantou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸zhiq-kue
  - MiniDict: zhih^入 kue
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵xxiq-kue
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑiɪʔ¹¹ kue²³/

Verb

習慣

to be accustomed to; to be in the habit of
我能習慣這樣的生活。 [MSC, trad.]
我能习惯这样的生活。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ néng xíguàn zhèyàng de shēnghuó. [Pinyin]
I could get used to this kind of life.

Usage notes

Unlike Mandarin, 習慣／习惯 is rarely used as a verb in Min Nan; 慣勢／惯势 (kòan-sì) is used instead.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 習慣 (“to get used to; to be accustomed to”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		習慣
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	習慣
	Malaysia	習慣
	Singapore	習慣
Cantonese	Guangzhou	慣, 習慣
	Hong Kong	慣, 習慣
	Singapore (Guangfu)	慣
Hakka	Meixian	習慣, 慣
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	慣, 慣勢
Southern Min	Xiamen	慣勢
	Quanzhou	慣勢
	Zhangzhou	慣勢
	Taipei	慣勢, 習慣 GT
	Tainan	慣勢
	Kinmen	慣勢
	Penang (Hokkien)	慣勢
	Singapore (Hokkien)	慣勢
	Shantou	習慣, 慣
	Jieyang	慣勢
Wu	Shanghai	習慣
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Antonyms

不慣／不惯 (bùguàn)

Noun

習慣

custom; habit (Classifier: 個／个 m c)
養成習慣／养成习惯 ― yǎngchéng xíguàn ― to form a habit

改變壞習慣／改变坏习惯 ― gǎibiàn huài xíguàn ― to change a bad habit

Synonyms

習性／习性 (xíxìng)

Derived terms

習慣勢力 / 习惯势力
習慣性 / 习惯性
習慣成自然 / 习惯成自然 (xíguàn chéng zìrán)
習慣法 / 习惯法 (xíguànfǎ)
習慣用語 / 习惯用语 (xíguàn yòngyǔ)
風俗習慣 / 风俗习惯 (fēngsú xíguàn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
習	慣
しゅう Grade: 3	かん Grade: 5
kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しゅうかん [shùúkáń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [ɕɨːkã̠ɴ]

Noun

習(しゅう)慣(かん) • (shūkan) ^{←しふくわん (sifukwan)^?}

custom, habit; way
地域(ちいき)の習慣(しゅうかん)
chiiki no shūkan
regional custom

社会的(しゃかいてき)習慣(しゅうかん)
shakaiteki shūkan
social custom

Synonyms

慣習(かんしゅう) (kanshū)
慣行(かんこう) (kankō)
風習(ふうしゅう) (fūshū)
習(なら)わし (narawashi)
習(なら)い (narai)
しきたり (shikitari)

Derived terms

習慣的(しゅうかんてき) (shūkanteki, “customary; conventional”)

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ “習慣”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

Korean

Hanja in this term
習	慣

Noun

習慣 • (seupgwan) (hangeul 습관)

hanja form^? of 습관 (“habit”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
習	慣

Noun

習慣

chữ Hán form of tập quán (“habit”)

[SMK7-1] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[NKD2-4] “習慣”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Chinese

Pronunciation

Verb

Usage notes

Synonyms

Antonyms

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Further reading

Japanese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

See also

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Noun