膳

膳	U+81B3, 膳 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81B3

← 膲
[U+81B2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

膴 →
[U+81B4]

Translingual

Han character

膳 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 月廿土口 (BTGR) or 月廿廿口 (BTTR), four-corner 7826₅, composition ⿰⺼善)

Derived characters

𧃇

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 995, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29891
Dae Jaweon: page 1446, character 15
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2113, character 11
Unihan data for U+81B3

Chinese

trad.		膳
simp. ^#		膳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 膳
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (善) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
橏	*tjenʔ
嫸	*tjenʔ
善	*ɡjenʔ
譱	*ɡjenʔ
蟮	*djanʔ
鱔	*djanʔ
僐	djenʔ, djens
鄯	djenʔ, djens
墡	*djenʔ
磰	*djenʔ
繕	*ɡjens
膳	*djens
饍	*djens

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djens): semantic ⺼ + phonetic 善 (OC *ɡjenʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shàn (shan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sin⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): san

(Hailu, HRS): shan^˖
Eastern Min (BUC): siêng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): seng⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): siān

(Teochew, Peng'im): siêng⁶ / siang⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zoe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shàn
  - Wade–Giles: shan⁴
  - Yale: shàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shann
  - Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sin⁶
  - Yale: sihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sin⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: xin⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: san
  - Hakka Romanization System: san
  - Hagfa Pinyim: san⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /san⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: shan^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /ʃan³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: siêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siɛŋ²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: seng⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɛŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: seng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɛŋ²¹/
- (Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: seng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬe̞ŋ¹¹/
- (Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: seng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /θɛŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siān
  - Tâi-lô: siān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sien
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɛn²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɛn²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /siɛn³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɛn³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: siêng⁶ / siang⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siĕng / siăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sieŋ³⁵/, /siaŋ³⁵/

Note:

siêng6 - Chaozhou;
siang6 - Shantou, Jieyang.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zoe
  - MiniDict: zoe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zø²³/

Middle Chinese: dzyenH

Rime
Character	膳
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	時戰切
Baxter	dzyenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjæn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑian^H/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛn^H/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sin⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*djens/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膳
Reading #	1/1
No.	11094
Phonetic component	善
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	繕
Old Chinese	/*djens/

Definitions

膳

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to prepare food
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to offer food
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) meal

Compounds

佐膳
供膳甘肥
問安視膳 / 问安视膳
嘗膳 / 尝膳
廩膳 / 廪膳
廩膳生員 / 廪膳生员
廩膳秀才 / 廪膳秀才
御膳 (yùshàn)
御膳房 (yùshànfáng)
早膳
晚膳 (wǎnshàn)
減膳 / 减膳
用膳 (yòngshàn)
膳堂 (shàntáng)
膳夫
膳宿 (shànsù)
膳房
膳費 / 膳费
膳食 (shànshí)
藥膳 / 药膳 (yàoshàn)
進膳 / 进膳 (jìnshàn)
配膳檯 / 配膳台
食膳
養膳 / 养膳

References

“膳”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “膳”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 215.

Japanese

Kanji

膳

(Jōyō kanji)

small table; tray

Readings

Go-on: ぜん (zen, Jōyō)
Kan-on: せん (sen)
Kun: そなえる (sonaeru, 膳える)、かしわ (kashiwa, 膳)、すすめる (susumeru)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
膳
ぜん Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

膳(ぜん) • (zen)

small Japanese meal tray
a prepared meal, (especially) food a drink arranged on such a tray

Counter

膳(ぜん) • (-zen)

pairs of chopsticks
bowls of rice

Korean

Hanja

膳 (eumhun 반찬 선 (banchan seon))
膳 (eumhun 선물 선 (seonmul seon))

hanja form^? of 선 (“meal”)
hanja form^? of 선 (“gift; present”)

Compounds

선물 (膳物, seonmul, “gift; present”)

Vietnamese

Han character

膳 (thiện)

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