自転車
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | ||
|---|---|---|
| 自 | 転 | 車 |
| じ Grade: 2 |
てん Grade: 3 |
しゃ Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | ||
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 自轉車 (kyūjitai) |
Coined in Japan in 1870 in the Meiji period in reference to a patented tricycle design.[1] Later used to refer to bicycles.
Compound of Sinitic-derived elements 自 (ji, “self”) + 転 (ten, “rolling”, simplified modern form of 轉) + 車 (sha, “vehicle”).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) じてんしゃ [jìtéꜜǹshà] (Nakadaka – [2])[2][3]
- (Tokyo) じてんしゃ [jìtéńshá] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
- IPA(key): [d͡ʑitẽ̞ɰ̃ɕa̠]
Noun
自転車 • (jitensha) ←じてんしや (zitensya)? (counter 台)
- a bicycle
Synonyms
- (slang) チャリンコ (charinko)
- (slang) チャリ (chari)
- (slang) ママチャリ (mamachari): a bicycle with extra baskets for groceries and children, generally ridden by young mothers
- (slang) ケッタ (ketta)
Derived terms
- 自転車横断帯 (じてんしゃおうだんたい, jitensha ōdantai) (road sign) bicycle crossing
- 自転車競技 (じてんしゃきょうぎ, jitensha kyōgi): a bicycle competition (race)
- 自転車競走 (じてんしゃきょうそう, jitensha kyōsō): a bicycle race
- 自転車操業 (じてんしゃそうぎょう, jitensha sōgyō): “bicycle operations” → a business model that requires regular infusions of external capital to remain viable (similar to riding a bicycle, as halting operations means immediate bankruptcy, much as stopping pedaling causes a bicycle rider to fall over)
- 自転車屋 (じてんしゃや, jitensha-ya): a bike shop, a bicycle store
- 自転車旅行 (じてんしゃりょこう, jitensha ryokō): a bicycle trip, bike touring
Descendants
- → Amis: citinsiya
- → Atayal: zirensya'
- → Hakka: 自轉車 / 自转车 (chhṳ-chón-chhâ)
- → Kavalan: zitinsia
- → Hokkien: 自轉車 / 自转车 (chū-choán-chhia / chǐr-choán-chhia)
- → Korean: 자전거 (jajeon'geo)
- → Mandarin: 自轉車 / 自转车 (zìzhuǎnchē)
See also
- 自動車 (jidōsha, “automobile”)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | ||
|---|---|---|
| 自 | 転 | 車 |
| じ Grade: 2 |
てん > でん Grade: 3 |
しゃ Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | ||
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 自轉車 (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) じでんしゃ [jìdéꜜǹshà] (Nakadaka – [2])
- (Tokyo) じでんしゃ [jìdéńshá] (Heiban – [0])
- IPA(key): [d͡ʑidẽ̞ɰ̃ɕa̠]
Noun
自転車 • (jidensha) (counter 台)
References
- ^ 1997, Toshihiko Saitō, くるまたちの社会史: 人力車から自動車まで (Kuruma-tachi no Shakai-shi: Jinrikisha Kara Jidōsha Made, “A Social History of Cars: From Rickshaws to Automobiles”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Chūōkōron-sha, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN