負

負 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+2, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓月山金 (NBUC), four-corner 2780₆, composition ⿱⺈貝(GHTJV) or ⿱勹貝(K) or ⿱刀貝)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1204, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36660
• Dae Jaweon: page 1665, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3623, character 4
• Unihan data for U+8CA0

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): ⺈ (“person”) + 貝 (“cowry”).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bə(q) (“carry, shoulder”).

負

1. to carry (on the back); to bear (a burden or responsibility)
2. to rely on; to load; to burden
3. to betray; to abandon; to repudiate; to go against

   • 旣而悽愴曰：「寧我負人，毋人負我！」遂行。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     既而凄怆曰：「宁我负人，毋人负我！」遂行。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Pei Songzhi, Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 5^th century CE

     Jì ér qīchuàng yuē: “Níng wǒ fù rén, wú rén fù wǒ!” Suì xíng. [Pinyin]

     Later, [Cao Cao] sorrowfully said: "I would rather betray others than let others betray me!" Then left.

4. to lose; to be defeated
5. (mathematics, electricity, etc.) negative

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

1. (まける) lose; be defeated
2. (おう) carry
3. negative

• Go-on: ぶ (bu)
• Kan-on: ふう (fū)
• Kan’yō-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō)
• Kun: おう (ou, 負う, Jōyō)^{←おふ (ofu, 負ふ, historical)}、おい (oi, 負)^{←おひ (ofi, 負, historical)}、おわす (owasu, 負わす)^{←おはす (ofasu, 負はす, historical)}、おぶう (obuu, 負ぶう)^{←おぶふ (obufu, 負ぶふ, historical)}、おぶう (obuu, 負う)^{←おぶふ (obufu, 負ふ, historical)}、おぶさる (obusaru, 負ぶさる)、おんぶ (onbu, 負んぶ)、おんぶ (onbu, 負ぶ)、しょう (shou, 負う)^{←しよう (syou, 負う, historical)}、まかす (makasu, 負かす, Jōyō)、まける (makeru, 負ける, Jōyō)、まけ (make, 負け)、まかる (makaru, 負かる)、まかる (makaru, 負る)、そむく (somuku, 負く)、たのむ (tanomu, 負む)、めげる (megeru, 負げる)
• Nanori: え (e)、おい (oi)、ひ (hi)、ます (masu)

• (Tokyo) ふ [fúꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟]

負(ふ) • (fu) 

1. (mathematics) negativity, being negative (less than zero)

   負(ふ)の数(すう)

   fu no sū

   a negative number

2. (physics) negativity, being negative (of electrical charge of an electron)

   負(ふ)の電荷(でんか)

   fu no denka

   a negative charge

3. negativity, being negative (bad, pessimistic)

   負(ふ)のオーラが漂(ただよ)っている人(ひと)

   fu no ōra ga tadayotte iru hito

   a person who has a negative aura about them

• マイナス (mainasu)

• 正(せい) (sei)
• ポジティブ (pojitibu)

From Middle Chinese 負 (MC bjuwX).

負 (eumhun 질 부 (jil bu))

1. hanja form^? of 부 (“load, burden”)
2. hanja form^? of 부 (“carry, bear”)

負: Hán Nôm readings: phụ^[1]

1. to betray