伏

伏	U+4F0F, 伏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F0F

← 伎
[U+4F0E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

伐 →
[U+4F10]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

伏 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人戈大 (OIK), four-corner 2323₄, composition ⿰亻犬)

Derived characters

垘, 洑, 栿, 袱, 絥, 𫄢, 䟮, 鮲, 茯, 覄

Additional Derived Characters

𰇛, 𢫯, 𤝯, 𣭩, 𧳂, 𨋩, 𨦛, 𩊙, 𩎧, 𩢰, 𱅎, 𪕟, 𰂐, 𰶛, 𪀢, 𲍶, 𭃜, 𰅞, 𲉶

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 95, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 438
Dae Jaweon: page 202, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 119, character 4
Unihan data for U+4F0F

Chinese

simp. and trad.		伏

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 伏
Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Bronze inscriptions b12383 Small seal script s05877 Transcribed ancient scripts L37486 L37487 L37488 L25340 L25341 L25342 L25343 L25344 L25345 L25346 L25347 L25348 L25349 L25350 L25351
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
絥	brɯɡs, bɯɡ
伏	bɯɡs, bɯɡ
垘	*bɯːɡ
茯	*bɯɡ
洑	*bɯɡ
栿	*bɯɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 人 (“person”) + 犬 (“dog”) – meaning “prostrate”.

A dog at the side of a person.
A person adopting the position of a dog.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation 1 and 2 are related (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fú (fu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): buk⁶ / fuk⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fu̍k / pu̍k / puk
Jin (Wiktionary): feh⁵
Eastern Min (BUC): hŭk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ho̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): hog⁸ / pag⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸voq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fú
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fú
  - Wade–Giles: fu²
  - Yale: fú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwu
  - Palladius: фу (fu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: buk⁶ / fuk⁶
  - Yale: buhk / fuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: buk⁹ / fuk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: bug⁶ / fug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʊk̚²/, /fʊk̚²/

Note:

buk6 - vernacular;
fuk6 - literary.

Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu̍k / pu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: fug / bug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fug⁶ / bug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /fuk̚⁵/, /puk̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu̍k / pu̍k / puk
  - Hakka Romanization System: fug / bug / bug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fug⁶ / bug⁶ / bug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /fuk̚⁵/, /puk̚⁵/, /puk̚²/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: feh⁵
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /fəʔ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ho̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hok
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚¹²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hog⁸ / pag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ho̍k / phak
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hok̚⁴/, /pʰak̚²/

Note:

hog4 - literary;
pag4 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸voq
  - MiniDict: voh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵voq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /voʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: bjuwk

Rime
Character	伏
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房六切
Baxter	bjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/biuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buwk̚/
Li Rong	/biuk̚/
Wang Li	/bĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fuk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ək/

(Zhengzhang): /*bɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	伏
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fú
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ək/
English	lie prostrate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	伏
Reading #	2/2
No.	3333
Phonetic component
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*bɯɡ/

Definitions

伏

to lie prostrate
to crouch; to crawl
to ambush; to lie hidden
- 夫大國難測也，懼有伏焉。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  夫大国难测也，惧有伏焉。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Fū dàguó náncè yě, jù yǒu fú yān. [Pinyin]
  It is difficult to fathom the moves of a great state, and I feared an ambush.
to hide; to conceal
to surrender; to yield
to accept; to submit; to bear; to endure
to subdue
to go down; to fall down
to remain; to wait for
to remove
- 屠羊說曰：「大王失國，非臣之罪，故不敢伏其誅；大王反國，非臣之功，故不敢當其賞。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  屠羊说曰：「大王失国，非臣之罪，故不敢伏其诛；大王反国，非臣之功，故不敢当其赏。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Tú yáng Yuè yuē: “Dàiwang shī guó, fēi chén zhī zuì, gù bùgǎn fú qí zhū; dàiwang fǎn guó, fēi chén zhī gōng, gù bùgǎn dāng qí shǎng.” [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
residence
hottest days of summer
(Hong Kong Cantonese) below expectation; worse than anticipated; trappy
Synonym: 雷 (léi) (Mandarin)
(obsolete) horizontal wooden bar in front of a carriage chair
short for 伏特 (fútè, “volt”)
alternative form of 服
a surname, Fu

Synonyms

(to hide):

edit

匿藏 (nìcáng)
埋
埋藏 (máicáng) (figuratively)
暗囥 (Hokkien, Teochew)
暗藏 (àncáng)
潛藏 / 潜藏 (qiáncáng)
竄 / 窜 (cuàn) (literary, or in compounds)
竄匿 / 窜匿 (cuànnì)
藏蹤 / 藏踪 (cángzōng)
藏身 (cángshēn)
藏躲 (cángduǒ)
覕囥 / 𰴕囥 (Hokkien)
走覕 / 走𰴕 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
走閃 / 走闪 (Min Nan)
躲藏 (duǒcáng)
躲避 (duǒbì)
逃 (táo)
逃僻 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
逃匿 (táonì)
迴避 / 回避 (huíbì)
逃避 (táobì)
避諱 / 避讳 (bìhuì) (colloquial)
閃覕 / 闪𰴕 (Min Nan)
隱秘 / 隐秘 (yǐnmì)
隱蔽 / 隐蔽 (yǐnbì)
隱藏 / 隐藏 (yǐncáng)
隱覕 / 隐𰴕 (ín-bih, ún-bih) (Min Nan)
隱避 / 隐避 (yǐnbì)

(hottest days of summer): 伏天 (fútiān)

Compounds

下伏
三伏 (sānfú)
三伏天 (sānfútiān)
三伏潭 (Sānfútán)
不伏
不伏手
不伏水土
不伏燒埋 / 不伏烧埋
不伏老
不甘雌伏
中伏 (zhōngfú)
乞伏
二伏
伏下 (fúxià)
伏不是
伏乞
伏事 (fúshì)
伏伺
伏低
伏位
伏低做小
伏侍
伏兵 (fúbīng)
伏几
伏劍 / 伏剑
伏匿
伏善
伏地 (fúdì)
伏地扣子
伏地挺身 (fúdì tǐngshēn)
伏地聖人 / 伏地圣人
伏天 (fútiān)
伏尸
伏尸流血
伏屍 / 伏尸
伏席
伏惟 (fúwéi)
伏想
伏手
伏打電池 / 伏打电池
伏擊 / 伏击 (fújī)
伏日
伏旱
伏暑
伏望
伏枕
伏案 (fú'àn)
伏櫪 / 伏枥
伏櫪守株 / 伏枥守株
伏櫪老驥 / 伏枥老骥
伏死
伏氣 / 伏气
伏水
伏汛
伏法 (fúfǎ)
伏波
伏流 (fúliú)
伏特 (fútè)
伏特加 (fútèjiā)
伏特計 / 伏特计 (fútèjì)
伏犧 / 伏牺 (Fúxī)
伏犧氏 / 伏牺氏
伏狀 / 伏状
伏獵 / 伏猎
伏甲 (fújiǎ)
伏眾 / 伏众
伏礁
伏祈
伏禮 / 伏礼
伏竄 / 伏窜
伏筆 / 伏笔 (fúbǐ)
伏維尚饗 / 伏维尚飨
伏罪 (fúzuì)
伏羲 (Fúxī)
伏羲氏
伏翼
伏聞 / 伏闻
伏肉
伏臘 / 伏腊
伏莽
伏落
伏藏
伏虎擒龍 / 伏虎擒龙
伏虎降龍 / 伏虎降龙
伏行
伏見 / 伏见 (Fújiàn)
伏誅 / 伏诛 (fúzhū)
伏謁 / 伏谒
伏讀 / 伏读
伏貼 / 伏贴
伏路 (fúlù)
伏身
伏軍 / 伏军 (fújūn)
伏軾 / 伏轼
伏輸 / 伏输 (fúshū)
伏辯 / 伏辩
伏願 / 伏愿
伏首貼耳 / 伏首贴耳
伏魔大帝
伏龍鳳雛 / 伏龙凤雏
倒伏 (dǎofú)
俯伏 (fǔfú)
倚伏
倒心伏計 / 倒心伏计
做小伏低
入伏 (rùfú)
准伏
初伏
制伏 (zhìfú)
加伏特
匍伏 (púfú)
匿伏 (nìfú)
十面埋伏 (shímiànmáifú)
危機四伏 / 危机四伏 (wēijīsìfú)
四伏 (sìfú)
埋伏 (máifú)
報伏 / 报伏
塌伏
夜行晝伏 / 夜行昼伏
姦伏 / 奸伏
嫗伏 / 妪伏
安伏
帖伏
干伏
平伏
廋伏
待伏
心伏口伏
愆伏
慴伏 / 慑伏
所伏
扶伏 (púfú)
招伏
拱伏
按家伏業 / 按家伏业
搭伏
搭伏定
摘伏發隱 / 摘伏发隐
摘奸發伏
擒伏
擒奸摘伏
擒姦擿伏 / 擒奸擿伏
擿伏
擿奸發伏
攝伏 / 摄伏
收伏 (shōufú)
數伏 / 数伏 (shǔfú)
敵後伏擊 / 敌后伏击
於伏 / 于伏
晝伏 / 昼伏
晝伏夜出 / 昼伏夜出 (zhòufúyèchū)
晝伏夜游 / 昼伏夜游
暑伏
曉伏夜行 / 晓伏夜行
末伏
此起彼伏 (cǐqǐbǐfú)
歲時伏臘 / 岁时伏腊
水土不伏
沉伏
滯伏 / 滞伏
潛伏 / 潜伏 (qiánfú)
潛伏分子 / 潜伏分子
潛伏感染 / 潜伏感染
潛伏期 / 潜伏期 (qiánfúqī)
潛龍伏虎 / 潜龙伏虎
煦伏
狐憑鼠伏 / 狐凭鼠伏
狐潛鼠伏 / 狐潜鼠伏
獸伏 / 兽伏
甘伏
畫伏狀 / 画伏状
發奸擿伏
發姦擿伏 / 发奸擿伏
發擿姦伏 / 发擿奸伏
發隱擿伏 / 发隐擿伏
神欽鬼伏 / 神钦鬼伏
禍福倚伏 / 祸福倚伏
竄伏 / 窜伏
終伏 / 终伏
綿延起伏 / 绵延起伏
老驥伏櫪 / 老骥伏枥 (lǎojìfúlì)
蒲伏 (púfú)
蜷伏
蟄伏 / 蛰伏 (zhéfú)
觳觫伏罪
設伏 / 设伏
誘伏 / 诱伏
請伏 / 请伏
赤伏符
起伏 (qǐfú)
起伏不平
跧伏
跪伏 (guìfú)
踡伏
連綿起伏 / 连绵起伏
降伏 (xiángfú)
降龍伏虎 / 降龙伏虎
陰伏 / 阴伏
隱伏 / 隐伏
雌伏
頭伏 / 头伏
馴伏 / 驯伏
高低起伏
龍虎並伏 / 龙虎并伏

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fau⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶bu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fù
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fù
  - Wade–Giles: fu⁴
  - Yale: fù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
  - Palladius: фу (fu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fau⁶
  - Yale: fauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fau⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: feo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐu̯²²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶bu
  - MiniDict: bu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³bu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bu²³/

Middle Chinese: bjuwH

Rime
Character	伏
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	扶富切
Baxter	bjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/biu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/biəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buw^H/
Li Rong	/biu^H/
Wang Li	/bĭəu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ək-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*bɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	伏
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fú
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ək-s/
English	hatch (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	伏
Reading #	1/2
No.	3331
Phonetic component
Rime group	代
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	復
Old Chinese	/*bɯɡs/

Definitions

伏

(archaic or dialectal) to hatch
伏小雞／伏小鸡 [Shanghainese] ― ⁶bu ⁵shiau-ci [Wugniu] ― to hatch chicks

Compounds

伏卵
伏抱
伏雌
伏雞 / 伏鸡

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 復 (“to return; to recover; to resume; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 復).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 負 (“to carry; to bear; to rely on; to load; to burden; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 負).

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 袱. (This character is the second-round simplified form of 袱).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 匐. (This character is the second-round simplified form of 匐).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

伏

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ぶく (buku)
Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
On: ふう (fū)
Kun: ふす (fusu, 伏す, Jōyō)、ふせる (fuseru, 伏せる, Jōyō)、したがう (shitagau, 伏う)
Nanori: ぶせ (buse)

Korean

Hanja

伏 (eumhun 엎드릴 복 (eopdeuril bok))

hanja form^? of 복 (“crouch, crawl, lie hidden, conceal”)

伏 (eumhun 안을 부 (aneul bu))

hanja form^? of 복 (“embrace, hold something in one's arms”)

Vietnamese

Han character

伏: Hán Nôm readings: phục

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.