懼

See also: 惧

懼	U+61FC, 懼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61FC

← 懻
[U+61FB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

懽 →
[U+61FD]

Translingual

Han character

懼 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+18, 21 strokes, cangjie input 心月山土 (PBUG), four-corner 9601₄, composition ⿰忄瞿)

Derived characters

𭟨

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 408, character 43
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11488
Dae Jaweon: page 750, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2371, character 7
Unihan data for U+61FC

Chinese

trad.		懼
simp.		惧
2nd round simp.		𰑌
alternative forms		愳惧𢡔

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (瞿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
瞿	kʷas, ɡʷa
衢	*ɡʷa
氍	*ɡʷa
癯	*ɡʷa
蠷	*ɡʷa
臞	ɡʷa, ɡʷas
欋	*ɡʷa
鸜	*ɡʷa
灈	*ɡʷa
躣	*ɡʷa
忂	*ɡʷa
戵	*ɡʷa
鑺	*ɡʷa
懼	*ɡʷas

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡʷas): semantic 忄 + phonetic 瞿 (OC *kʷas, *ɡʷa).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jù (ju⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): geoi⁶ / geoi²
Eastern Min (BUC): gê̤ṳ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gy⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kū / kī / khū

(Teochew, Peng'im): gu⁶
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶jiu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jù
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyù
  - Wade–Giles: chü⁴
  - Yale: jyù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiuh
  - Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: geoi⁶ / geoi²
  - Yale: geuih / géui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: goey⁶ / goey²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gêu⁶ / gêu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɵy̯²²/, /kɵy̯³⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gê̤ṳ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /køy²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gy⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gṳ̄
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gy⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kū
  - Tâi-lô: kū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ku
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ku⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ku²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ku³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kī
  - Tâi-lô: kī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ki
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki²²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khū
  - Tâi-lô: khū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qu
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰu³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gu⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁶jiu
  - MiniDict: jiu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jjy
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑy²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /d͡ʑy²³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /d͡ʑy¹¹³/

Middle Chinese: gjuH

Rime
Character	懼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	其遇切
Baxter	gjuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨo^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡio^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡio^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/guə̆^H/
Li Rong	/ɡio^H/
Wang Li	/ɡĭu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	geoi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ʷ(r)a(k)-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷas/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	懼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jù
Middle Chinese	‹ gju^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ʷ(r)a(k)-s/
English	fear (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	懼
Reading #	1/1
No.	7151
Phonetic component	瞿
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷas/

Definitions

懼

to fear; to be afraid
- 夫大國難測也，懼有伏焉。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  夫大国难测也，惧有伏焉。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Fū dàguó náncè yě, jù yǒu fú yān. [Pinyin]
  It is difficult to fathom the moves of a great state, and I feared an ambush.
to scare; to frighten

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 害怕 (“to fear; to be afraid of”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		懼, 畏, 恐, 怯, 驚, 惶, 悚, 懾, 恇
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		害怕, 懼怕, 畏懼
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	害怕, 怕
	Taiwan	害怕, 怕
	Harbin	害怕, 發毛
	Malaysia	怕
	Singapore	怕, 害怕
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	害怕, 怕, 打怵
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	害怕, 怵
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	害怕, 怕
	Wanrong	驚
	Xi'an	害怕, 怕, 怯火
	Xuzhou	嫌怕, 打怵
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	害怕, 嚇
	Lanzhou	害怕, 怯, 怯乎, 怯豁
	Ürümqi	害怕
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	害怕, 怕, 虛火, 虛
	Wuhan	嚇不過, 怕
	Guiyang	害怕, 怕
	Kunming	害怕
	Guilin	怕
	Liuzhou	慌
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	嚇怕, 怕
	Yangzhou	害怕, 怕, 怕懼, 懼乎
	Hefei	怕
Cantonese	Guangzhou	驚, 怕, 慌, 窒
	Hong Kong	驚, 怕, 慌
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	狂
	Macau	驚
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	驚
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	慌
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	驚
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	好怕
	Foshan	驚, 窒
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	慌, 怕
	Foshan (Shunde)	慌
	Foshan (Sanshui)	慌
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	慌
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	驚
	Zhongshan (Huancheng)	驚
	Zhongshan (Nanlang)	驚
	Zhongshan (Xiaolan)	慌
	Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan)	慌
	Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan)	慌
	Zhongshan (Henglan)	慌
	Zhongshan (Dongfeng)	慌
	Zhongshan (Nantou)	慌
	Zhongshan (Fusha)	慌
	Zhongshan (Shalang)	慌
	Zhongshan (Gangkou)	慌
	Zhongshan (Huangpu)	慌, 驚
	Zhongshan (Sanjiao)	狂, 驚
	Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong)	慌, 驚
	Zhongshan (Minzhong)	慌, 驚
	Zhongshan (Guzhen)	𢗉
	Zhongshan (Banfu)	慌, 驚
	Zhongshan (Tanzhou)	慌, 驚
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	驚
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	驚
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	驚
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	驚
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	驚
	Taishan	𢗉
	Kaiping (Chikan)	𢗉
	Enping (Niujiang)	𢗉
	Heshan (Yayao)	慌
	Dongguan	狂
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	驚
	Shaoguan	驚, 窒
	Yunfu	怕, 驚
	Yangjiang	𢗉
	Xinyi	狂
	Lianjiang	驚
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	驚, 怕
	Singapore (Guangfu)	驚, 怕
Gan	Nanchang	怕
Gan	Lichuan	怕
Hakka	Meixian	驚, 怕畏, 畏, 怕
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	狂
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	狂
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	好狂
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	驚
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	怕, 驚, 畏
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	驚
	Wengyuan	驚
	Liannan	驚
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	狂
	Jiexi	驚
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	驚
	Changting	怕
	Wuping	怕
	Wuping (Yanqian)	怕
	Liancheng	嚇
	Ninghua	怕
	Ningdu	怕
	Tonggu (Sandu)	怕
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	怕
	Dayu	怕
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	驚
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	驚
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	驚
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	驚
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	驚
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	驚
	Hong Kong	狂, 驚
	Mengshan (Xihe)	怕
	Luchuan	狂
	Sabah (Longchuan)	狂
	Senai (Huiyang)	狂
	Singkawang	驚
Huizhou	Jixi	怕, 嚇
Jin	Taiyuan	害怕, 怕
Jin	Xinzhou	著怕, 怕
Northern Min	Jian'ou	驚, 怕, 怯, 畏
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	驚
	Songxi	驚
	Zhenghe	驚
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	驚
	Jianyang	驚
	Jianyang (Huangkeng)	畏
	Wuyishan	嚇
	Pucheng (Shibei)	嚇
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	驚
	Fuzhou (Changle)	驚
	Lianjiang	驚
	Fuqing	驚
	Pingtan	驚
	Yongtai	驚
	Minqing	驚
	Gutian	驚
	Pingnan	驚
	Luoyuan	驚
	Fu'an	驚
	Ningde	驚
	Xiapu	驚
	Zherong	驚
	Shouning	驚
	Zhouning	驚
	Fuding	驚
	Singapore (Fuqing)	驚
Southern Min	Xiamen	驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	驚
	Quanzhou	驚, 著驚, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣
	Jinjiang	驚
	Nan'an	驚
	Shishi	驚
	Hui'an	驚
	Anxi	驚
	Yongchun	驚
	Dehua	驚
	Zhangzhou	驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 會攝, 掣
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	驚
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	驚
	Hua'an	驚
	Nanjing	驚
	Pinghe	驚
	Zhangpu	驚
	Yunxiao	驚
	Zhao'an	驚
	Dongshan	驚
	Kaohsiung	驚
	Yilan	驚
	Changhua (Lukang)	驚
	Taichung	驚
	Taichung (Wuqi)	驚惶
	Tainan	驚
	Taitung	驚
	Hsinchu	驚
	Kinmen	驚
	Penghu (Magong)	驚
	Penang (Hokkien)	驚
	Singapore (Hokkien)	驚
	Manila (Hokkien)	驚
	Longyan	嚇
	Zhangping	驚
	Datian	驚
	Chaozhou	驚, 畏
	Raoping	驚
	Shantou	驚
	Jieyang	驚, 畏
	Haifeng	驚
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	驚
	Singapore (Teochew)	驚
	Leizhou	驚
	Wenchang	驚
	Haikou	驚
	Qionghai	驚
	Singapore (Hainanese)	驚
Puxian Min	Putian	驚
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	驚
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	驚
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	驚
	Xianyou	驚
	Xianyou (Fengting)	驚
	Xianyou (Youyang)	驚
Central Min	Yong'an	驚
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	驚
	Sanming (Shaxian)	驚
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	驚
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	狂, 怕
Wu	Shanghai	怕, 嚇
	Shanghai (Chongming)	嚇
	Suzhou	怕, 嚇
	Danyang	怕
	Hangzhou	怕, 嚇, 慌, 怕慌, 發毛
	Ningbo	怕, 嚇
	Wenzhou	怕, 嚇
	Jinhua	光
Xiang	Changsha	怕, 畏怯
	Loudi	怕
	Shuangfeng	怕

Compounds

兇懼 / 凶惧
勇者不懼 / 勇者不惧
季常之懼 / 季常之惧
怖懼 / 怖惧 (bùjù)
怕懼 / 怕惧 (pàjù)
恐惶悚懼 / 恐惶悚惧 (kǒnghuángsǒngjù)
恇懼 / 恇惧
恐懼 / 恐惧 (kǒngjù)
恐懼不安 / 恐惧不安 (kǒngjùbù'ān)
恐懼症 / 恐惧症 (kǒngjùzhèng)
悚懼 / 悚惧 (sǒngjù)
愁懼兼心 / 愁惧兼心
慄慄危懼 / 栗栗危惧
憂懼 / 忧惧 (yōujù)
懼內 / 惧内 (jùnèi)
懼刀避劍 / 惧刀避剑
懼怕 / 惧怕 (jùpà)
懼怯 / 惧怯 (jùquè)
懼然 / 惧然
懼罪 / 惧罪
懼色 / 惧色
懼高症 / 惧高症
戒懼 / 戒惧 (jièjù)
敬懼 / 敬惧
毫無所懼 / 毫无所惧
無所畏懼 / 无所畏惧 (wúsuǒwèijù)
猜懼 / 猜惧
畏懼 / 畏惧 (wèijù)
疑懼 / 疑惧 (yíjù)
聳懼 / 耸惧
臨事以懼 / 临事以惧
臨事而懼 / 临事而惧
臨危不懼 / 临危不惧
臨難不懼 / 临难不惧 (línnànbùjù)
荷懼 / 荷惧
誠惶誠懼 / 诚惶诚惧
震懼 / 震惧
驚懼 / 惊惧 (jīngjù)

Japanese

Kanji

懼

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ぐ (gu)
Kan-on: く (ku)
Kun: おそれる (osoreru, 懼れる)

Korean

Hanja

懼 (eumhun 두려워할 구 (duryeowohal gu))

hanja form^? of 구 (“fear, be afraid of, dread”)

Vietnamese

Han character

懼: Hán Nôm readings: cụ

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