惶

惶	U+60F6, 惶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60F6

← 惵
[U+60F5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

惷 →
[U+60F7]

Translingual

Han character

惶 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 心竹日土 (PHAG), four-corner 9601₄, composition ⿰忄皇)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 392, character 32
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10863
Dae Jaweon: page 728, character 15
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2329, character 9
Unihan data for U+60F6

Chinese

simp. and trad.		惶

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (王) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
皇	*ɡʷaːŋ
惶	*ɡʷaːŋ
遑	*ɡʷaːŋ
堭	*ɡʷaːŋ
煌	*ɡʷaːŋ
餭	*ɡʷaːŋ
騜	*ɡʷaːŋ
艎	*ɡʷaːŋ
隍	*ɡʷaːŋ
湟	*ɡʷaːŋ
徨	*ɡʷaːŋ
篁	*ɡʷaːŋ
蝗	ɡʷaːŋ, ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs
凰	*ɡʷaːŋ
偟	*ɡʷaːŋ
媓	*ɡʷaːŋ
韹	ɡʷaːŋ, ɡʷraːŋ
葟	*ɡʷaːŋ
皝	*ɡʷaːŋʔ
汪	qʷaːŋ, qʷaːŋs, *qʷaŋʔ
尪	*qʷaːŋ
迋	kʷaŋʔ, kʰʷaŋ, ɡʷaŋ, ɢʷaŋs
逛	*kʷaŋʔ
誑	kʷaŋs, ɡʷaŋ, *kʷaŋs
匡	*kʰʷaŋ
筐	*kʰʷaŋ
框	*kʰʷaŋ
眶	*kʰʷaŋ
誆	kʰʷaŋ, ɡʷaŋs
邼	*kʰʷaŋ
恇	*kʰʷaŋ
劻	*kʰʷaŋ
洭	*kʰʷaŋ
軭	kʰʷaŋ, ɡʷaŋ
狂	ɡʷaŋ, ɡʷaŋs
軖	*ɡʷaŋ
鵟	*ɡʷaŋ
俇	*ɡʷaŋʔ
王	ɢʷaŋ, ɢʷaŋs
蚟	*ɢʷaŋ
彺	*ɢʷaŋ
旺	*ɢʷaŋs
諻	*qʰʷraːŋ
喤	qʰʷraːŋ, ɡʷraːŋ
瑝	*ɡʷraːŋ
鍠	*ɡʷraːŋ
揘	*ɡʷaŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ): semantic 忄 + phonetic 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huáng (huang²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wong⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fòng
Eastern Min (BUC): huòng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hông / hiâⁿ / iâⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁵ / ian⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huáng
  - Wade–Giles: huang²
  - Yale: hwáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwang
  - Palladius: хуан (xuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: wong⁴
  - Yale: wòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: fong^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fong²
  - Sinological IPA: /foŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoŋ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: horng²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hó̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: horng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
  - Tâi-lô: hông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiâⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hiânn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hviaa
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiã¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /hiã²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiã²³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iâⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: iânn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: viaa
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iã¹³/

Note:

hông - literary;
hiâⁿ/iâⁿ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: huang⁵ / ian⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng / iâⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ⁵⁵/, /ĩã⁵⁵/

Note:

huang5 - literary;
ian5 - vernacular.

Middle Chinese: hwang

Rime
Character	惶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡光切
Baxter	hwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣwɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wong⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷaːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	惶
Reading #	1/1
No.	12697
Phonetic component	王
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	黃
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷaːŋ/

Definitions

惶

fearful; afraid; anxious; nervous
Synonyms: 恐懼 / 恐惧 (kǒngjù), 不安 (bù'ān)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) confuse; confused
Synonym: 迷惑 (míhuò)

Compounds

人心惶惶 (rénxīnhuánghuáng)
回惶
恓恓惶惶
恓惶 (xīhuáng)
恐惶 (kǒnghuáng)
恐惶悚懼 / 恐惶悚惧 (kǒnghuángsǒngjù)
悽悽惶惶 / 凄凄惶惶
悽惶 / 凄惶 (qīhuáng)
惶怖 (huángbù)
惶急
惶恐 (huángkǒng)
惶恐不安 (huángkǒngbù'ān)
惶悚
惶悚不安
惶惑 (huánghuò)
惶惶 (huánghuáng)
惶惶不安 (huánghuángbù'ān)
惶惶不定
惶惶無措 / 惶惶无措
惶愧
惶汗
惶然
惶遽 (huángjù)
愴惶 / 怆惶
愧惶無地 / 愧惶无地
慞惶
慚惶 / 惭惶
慞惶失次
戰戰惶惶 / 战战惶惶
誠恐誠惶 / 诚恐诚惶 (chéngkǒngchénghuáng)
誠惶誠恐 / 诚惶诚恐 (chénghuángchéngkǒng)
誠惶誠懼 / 诚惶诚惧
驚惶 / 惊惶 (jīnghuáng)
驚惶失措 / 惊惶失措 (jīnghuáng shīcuò)

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “惶”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 94.

Japanese

Kanji

惶

(Hyōgai kanji)

be anxious
fear

Readings

Go-on: おう (ō)
Kan-on: こう (kō)
Kun: おそれる (osoreru, 惶れる)

Korean

Hanja

惶 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

惶: Hán Nôm readings: hoàng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.