軌道

See also: 轨道

Chinese

		course; path; track course; path; track; rail	direction; way; method direction; way; method; road; path; principle; truth; reason; skill; Tao (of Taoism); a measure word; to say; to speak; to talk
trad. (軌道)		軌	道
simp. (轨道)		轨	道

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guǐdào

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˇ ㄉㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai² dou⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kúi-tho

(Hailu, HRS): gui^ˊ to^˖
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khúi-tō͘ / kúi-tō / khúi-tō

(Teochew, Peng'im): kui² dao⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵kue-dau; ¹kue-dau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guǐdào
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˇ ㄉㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guěidào
  - Wade–Giles: kuei³-tao⁴
  - Yale: gwěi-dàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goeidaw
  - Palladius: гуйдао (gujdao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    軌道 / 轨道
    鬼道
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwai² dou⁶
  - Yale: gwái douh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwai² dou⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: guei² dou⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐi̯³⁵ tou̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kúi-tho
  - Hakka Romanization System: gui^ˋ to
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gui³ to⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ku̯i³¹ tʰo⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gui^ˊ to^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /kui²⁴⁻³³ tʰo³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khúi-tō͘
  - Tâi-lô: khuí-tōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: quy'do
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kúi-tō
  - Tâi-lô: kuí-tō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kuy'doi
  - IPA (Taipei): /kui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khúi-tō
  - Tâi-lô: khuí-tō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: quy'doi
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kui² dao⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khúi tău
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰui⁵²⁻³⁵ tau³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵kue-dau; ¹kue-dau
  - MiniDict: kue^去 dau; kue^平 dau
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²kue-dau; ¹kue-dau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kue³³ dɔ⁴⁴/, /kue⁵⁵ dɔ²¹/

Middle Chinese: kwijX dawX

Rime
Character	軌	道
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	脂 (18)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	居洧切	徒晧切
Baxter	kwijX	dawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiuɪ^X/	/dɑu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚi^X/	/dɑu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kiuɪ^X/	/dɑu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjwi^X/	/daw^X/
Li Rong	/kjui^X/	/dɑu^X/
Wang Li	/kwi^X/	/dɑu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kwi^X/	/dʱɑu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guǐ	dào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwai²	dou⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷruʔ [kə.l]ˤuʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʷrɯwʔ l'uːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	軌	道
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guǐ	dào
Middle Chinese	‹ kwij^X ›	‹ daw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷruʔ/	/*[kə.l]ˁuʔ/
English	wheel ruts	way
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	軌	道
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6958	11669
Phonetic component	九	首
Rime group	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	軌	道
Old Chinese	/*kʷrɯwʔ/	/*l'uːʔ/

Noun

軌道

Derived terms

上軌道 / 上轨道 (shàng guǐdào)
雜化軌道 / 杂化轨道 (záhuà guǐdào)

Related terms

路線／路线 (lùxiàn)

Verb

軌道

(archaic and uncommon, figurative) to abide by the laws and regulations; to follow the ways of propriety (literally, "to ride on the [correct, proper] track")
- 諸侯軌道，兵革不動。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  诸侯轨道，兵革不动。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Jia Yi (賈誼), c. 173 BCE. On the Government of Peace (《治安策》).
  Zhūhóu guǐdào, bīnggé bùdòng. [Pinyin]
  The Nobility abides by the laws, and martial implements are put to rest.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
軌	道
き Grade: S	どう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きどー [kìdóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [kʲido̞ː]

Noun

軌(き)道(どう) • (kidō) ^{←きだう (kidau)^?}

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
軌	道

Noun

軌道 • (gwedo) (hangeul 궤도)

hanja form^? of 궤도 (“railroad track; (astronomy) orbit”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
軌	道

Noun

軌道

chữ Hán form of quỹ đạo (“trajectory; (astronomy) orbit”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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