開花
See also: 开花
Chinese
| open; operate (vehicle); start | flower; blossom; to spend flower; blossom; to spend; fancy pattern | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (開花) | 開 | 花 | |
| simp. (开花) | 开 | 花 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: kāihuā
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ ㄏㄨㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kaihua
- Wade–Giles: kʻai1-hua1
- Yale: kāi-hwā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaihua
- Palladius: кайхуа (kajxua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: hoi1 faa1
- Yale: hōi fā
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoi1 faa1
- Guangdong Romanization: hoi1 fa1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khôi-fâ
- Hakka Romanization System: koiˊ faˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: koi1 fa1
- Sinological IPA: /kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khui-hoe
- Tâi-lô: khui-hue
- Phofsit Daibuun: qui'hoef
- IPA (Xiamen): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰui³³ hue³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kui1 huê1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khui hue
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰui³³⁻²³ hue³³/
- (Hokkien)
Verb
開⫽花 (verb-object)
- to blossom; to bloom; to flower
-
- 但有一個夢，不會死，記著吧！無論雨怎麼打，自由仍是會開花！ [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
- daan6 jau5 jat1 go3 mung6, bat1 wui5 sei2, gei3 zoek6 baa6! mou4 leon6 jyu5 zam2 mo1 daa2, zi6 jau4 jing4 si6 wui5 hoi1 faa1! [Jyutping]
- But there is a dream [which] does not die, remember it! No matter how [heavy] the rain is, freedom will still blossom!
但有一个梦，不会死，记着吧！无论雨怎么打，自由仍是会开花！ [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
- (figurative) to burst; to split open; to break open
- (figurative) to burst with joy
- (figurative) to spread over; to spring up
Synonyms
Derived terms
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 開 | 花 |
| かい Grade: 3 |
か Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | |
Etymology
From Middle Chinese compound 開花 / 开花 (khoj xwæ, literally “to open + flower”). Compare modern Mandarin reading kāihuā.
Pronunciation
Noun
- flowering, blossoming
- 今年は開花が早い。
- Kotoshi wa kaika ga hayai.
- This year's bloom was early.
- 今年は開花が早い。
- (by extension) showing results, bearing fruit, being successful
Verb
開花する • (kaika suru) intransitive suru (stem 開花し (kaika shi), past 開花した (kaika shita))
- to flower, to blossom, to bloom
- (by extension) to show results, to bear fruit, to be a success
Conjugation
Conjugation of "開花する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 開花し | かいかし | kaika shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 開花し | かいかし | kaika shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 開花する | かいかする | kaika suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 開花する | かいかする | kaika suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 開花すれ | かいかすれ | kaika sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 開花せよ¹ 開花しろ² |
かいかせよ¹ かいかしろ² |
kaika seyo¹ kaika shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 開花される | かいかされる | kaika sareru | |
| Causative | 開花させる 開花さす |
かいかさせる かいかさす |
kaika saseru kaika sasu | |
| Potential | 開花できる | かいかできる | kaika dekiru | |
| Volitional | 開花しよう | かいかしよう | kaika shiyō | |
| Negative | 開花しない | かいかしない | kaika shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 開花せず | かいかせず | kaika sezu | |
| Formal | 開花します | かいかします | kaika shimasu | |
| Perfective | 開花した | かいかした | kaika shita | |
| Conjunctive | 開花して | かいかして | kaika shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 開花すれば | かいかすれば | kaika sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Synonyms
- (bloom): 咲く (saku)
References
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.