闖

See also: 闯

闖	U+95D6, 闖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95D6

← 闕
[U+95D5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

闗 →
[U+95D7]

Translingual

Han character

闖 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+10, 18 strokes, cangjie input 日弓尸手火 (ANSQF), four-corner 7732₇, composition ⿵門馬)

rush in, burst in, charge in

Derived characters

𪞰, 㶒, 𧮕

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1340, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41458
Dae Jaweon: page 1845, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4311, character 6
Unihan data for U+95D6

Chinese

trad.		闖
simp.		闯
alternative forms		𨳐𰿧

Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) – a horse (馬) rushing through a gate (門).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chèn (chen⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cam³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chèn
  - Wade–Giles: chʻên⁴
  - Yale: chèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chenn
  - Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cam³
  - Yale: cham
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsam³
  - Guangdong Romanization: cem³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐm³³/

Middle Chinese: trhimH

Rime
Character	闖
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	徹 (10)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	丑禁切
Baxter	trhimH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈʰˠiɪm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʰᵚim^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶʰiem^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈʰjim^H/
Li Rong	/ȶʰjəm^H/
Wang Li	/ȶʰĭĕm^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶʰi̯əm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cam³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sʰraŋʔ/, /*l̥ʰɯms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	闖	闖
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1651	1652
Phonetic component
Rime group	陽	侵
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	磢
Old Chinese	/*sʰraŋʔ/	/*l̥ʰɯms/
Notes	搶訓讀

Definitions

闖

to peek

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chuǎng (chuang³)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄤˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cong² / cong³
Hakka (Changting, Changting Pinyin): chông³ / chung³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhoàn / chhoàng / chhòaⁿ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chuǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chuǎng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻuang³
  - Yale: chwǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: choang
  - Palladius: чуан (čuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cong² / cong³
  - Yale: chóng / chong
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsong² / tsong³
  - Guangdong Romanization: cong² / cong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːŋ³⁵/, /t͡sʰɔːŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Changting)
  - Changting Pinyin: chông³ / chung³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰɔŋ⁴²/, /t͡ʃʰuŋ⁴²/

Note:

Changting:
- chông3 - original reading;
- chung3 - new reading.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhoàn
  - Tâi-lô: tshuàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhoaxn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰuan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰuan¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰuan²¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhoàng
  - Tâi-lô: tshuàng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhoaxng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰuaŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰuaŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhòaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tshuànn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhvoax
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰuã¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰuã²¹/

Definitions

闖

to rush in; to burst in
to break through; to charge
to lead to (a negative outcome); to incur; to bring about
a surname, Chuang

Synonyms

(to lead to):

edit

使到 (shǐdào)
使得 (shǐde)
導致 / 导致 (dǎozhì)
招致 (zhāozhì)
致 (zhì) (literary, or in compounds)
致使 (zhìshǐ)
誘 / 诱 (yòu) (literary, or in compounds)
誘發 / 诱发 (yòufā)
造成 (zàochéng)
釀成 / 酿成 (niàngchéng) (a negative outcome)

Compounds

擅闖 / 擅闯
浪闖 / 浪闯
私闖 / 私闯 (sīchuǎng)
闖事 / 闯事
闖入 / 闯入 (chuǎngrù)
闖勁 / 闯劲 (chuǎngjìn)
闖喪 / 闯丧
闖子 / 闯子
闖實 / 闯实
闖將 / 闯将 (chuǎngjiàng)
闖席 / 闯席
闖然 / 闯然
闖王 / 闯王
闖禍 / 闯祸 (chuǎnghuò)
闖紅燈 / 闯红灯 (chuǎng hóngdēng)
闖練 / 闯练
闖翻 / 闯翻
闖越 / 闯越
闖進 / 闯进
闖過 / 闯过
闖闖 / 闯闯
闖關 / 闯关 (chuǎngguān)

References

“闖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “闯”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 84.

Japanese

Kanji

闖

(Hyōgai kanji)

rush in, burst in

Readings

Go-on: ちん (chin)^{←ちむ (timu, historical)}
Kan-on: ちん (chin)^{←ちむ (timu, historical)}
Kun: うかがう (ukagau, 闖う)

Derived terms

闖(ちん)入(にゅう) (chinnyū, “intrude”)

Korean

Hanja

闖 • (teum) (hangeul 틈, revised teum, McCune–Reischauer t'ŭm, Yale thum)

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