防備
See also: 防备
Chinese
| to protect; to defend; to guard (against) | to prepare; get ready; to provide or equip | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (防備) | 防 | 備 | |
| simp. (防备) | 防 | 备 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: fángbèi
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˊ ㄅㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fángbèi
- Wade–Giles: fang2-pei4
- Yale: fáng-bèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farngbey
- Palladius: фанбэй (fanbɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɑŋ³⁵ peɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: fong4 bei6
- Yale: fòhng beih
- Cantonese Pinyin: fong4 bei6
- Guangdong Romanization: fong4 béi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔːŋ²¹ pei̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fòng-phi
- Hakka Romanization System: fongˇ pi
- Hagfa Pinyim: fong2 pi4
- Sinological IPA: /foŋ¹¹ pʰi⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: fong pi˖
- Sinological IPA: /foŋ⁵⁵ pʰi³³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-pī
- Tâi-lô: hông-pī
- Phofsit Daibuun: hongpi
- IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² pi²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² pi⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³⁻²² pi²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pi³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ pi³³/
- (Hokkien)
Verb
防備
- to take precautions; to guard against
Synonyms
Related terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 防 | 備 |
| ぼう Grade: 5 |
び Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
防備 • (bōbi) ←ばうび (baubi)?
- defensive preparations against military threats
- preparations for natural disasters
Verb
防備する • (bōbi suru) ←ばうび (baubi)?suru (stem 防備し (bōbi shi), past 防備した (bōbi shita))
- fortify, prepare to defend against enemies or natural disasters
Conjugation
Conjugation of "防備する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 防備し | ぼうびし | bōbi shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 防備し | ぼうびし | bōbi shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 防備する | ぼうびする | bōbi suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 防備する | ぼうびする | bōbi suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 防備すれ | ぼうびすれ | bōbi sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 防備せよ¹ 防備しろ² |
ぼうびせよ¹ ぼうびしろ² |
bōbi seyo¹ bōbi shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 防備される | ぼうびされる | bōbi sareru | |
| Causative | 防備させる 防備さす |
ぼうびさせる ぼうびさす |
bōbi saseru bōbi sasu | |
| Potential | 防備できる | ぼうびできる | bōbi dekiru | |
| Volitional | 防備しよう | ぼうびしよう | bōbi shiyō | |
| Negative | 防備しない | ぼうびしない | bōbi shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 防備せず | ぼうびせず | bōbi sezu | |
| Formal | 防備します | ぼうびします | bōbi shimasu | |
| Perfective | 防備した | ぼうびした | bōbi shita | |
| Conjunctive | 防備して | ぼうびして | bōbi shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 防備すれば | ぼうびすれば | bōbi sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ “防備”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 防 | 備 |
Noun
防備 • (bangbi) (hangeul 방비)
- hanja form? of 방비