防止
Chinese
to protect; to defend; to guard (against) | to stop; prohibit; till | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (防止) |
防 | 止 |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: fángzhǐ
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˊ ㄓˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fángjhǐh
- Wade–Giles: fang2-chih3
- Yale: fáng-jř
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farngjyy
- Palladius: фанчжи (fančži)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fong4 zi2
- Yale: fòhng jí
- Cantonese Pinyin: fong4 dzi2
- Guangdong Romanization: fong4 ji2
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/
- Homophones:
房子
防止
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fòng-chṳ́
- Hakka Romanization System: fongˇ ziiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fong2 zi3
- Sinological IPA: /foŋ¹¹ t͡sɨ³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-chí
- Tâi-lô: hông-tsí
- Phofsit Daibuun: hongcie
- IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡si⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡si⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: huang5 zi2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng tsí
- Sinological IPA (key): /huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵²/
- (Hokkien)
Verb
防止
- (transitive) to prevent
Synonyms
Japanese
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
防 | 止 |
ぼう Grade: 5 |
し Grade: 2 |
goon | on'yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
- prevention
- Synonym: 抑止 (yokushi)
Verb
防止する • (bōshi suru) ←ばうし (bausi)?transitive suru (stem 防止し (bōshi shi), past 防止した (bōshi shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "防止する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 防止し | ぼうしし | bōshi shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 防止し | ぼうしし | bōshi shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 防止する | ぼうしする | bōshi suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 防止する | ぼうしする | bōshi suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 防止すれ | ぼうしすれ | bōshi sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 防止せよ¹ 防止しろ² |
ぼうしせよ¹ ぼうししろ² |
bōshi seyo¹ bōshi shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 防止される | ぼうしされる | bōshi sareru | |
Causative | 防止させる 防止さす |
ぼうしさせる ぼうしさす |
bōshi saseru bōshi sasu | |
Potential | 防止できる | ぼうしできる | bōshi dekiru | |
Volitional | 防止しよう | ぼうししよう | bōshi shiyō | |
Negative | 防止しない | ぼうししない | bōshi shinai | |
Negative continuative | 防止せず | ぼうしせず | bōshi sezu | |
Formal | 防止します | ぼうしします | bōshi shimasu | |
Perfective | 防止した | ぼうしした | bōshi shita | |
Conjunctive | 防止して | ぼうしして | bōshi shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 防止すれば | ぼうしすれば | bōshi sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
防 | 止 |
Noun
防止 • (bangji) (hangeul 방지)
- hanja form? of 방지 (“prevention”)