鯊

See also: 鲨

鯊	U+9BCA, 鯊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9BCA

← 鯉
[U+9BC9]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鯋 →
[U+9BCB]

Translingual

Han character

鯊 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+7, 18 strokes, cangjie input 水竹弓田火 (EHNWF), four-corner 3933₆, composition ⿱沙魚)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1471, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46186
Dae Jaweon: page 2003, character 37
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4693, character 2
Unihan data for U+9BCA

Chinese

trad.		鯊
simp.		鲨
alternative forms		鯋魦／𫚌

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (沙) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
硰	ʔsaːlʔ, sʰaːlʔ, *sraːl
娑	saːl, saːlʔ
挱	saːl, sraːl
挲	*saːl
桫	*saːl
渻	saːl, sreŋʔ, *seŋʔ
沙	sraːl, sraːls
紗	*sraːl
砂	*sraːl
鯊	*sraːl
裟	*sraːl
桬	*sraːl
髿	sraːl, soːl
魦	sraːl, soːl
莎	*soːl
莏	*soːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sraːl): phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls) + semantic 魚 (“fish”).

Etymology

“shark”: so named as its crude skin similar to sand (沙 (shā)).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shā (sha¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saa¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sâ

(Hailu, HRS): sa^ˋ
Eastern Min (BUC): săi
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sua¹ / sa¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): soa / sa

(Teochew, Peng'im): sua¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹so

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shā
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sha
  - Wade–Giles: sha¹
  - Yale: shā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sha
  - Palladius: ша (ša)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: saa¹
  - Yale: sā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: sa^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sa¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sa²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: sa^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /sa⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: săi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sai⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sua¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sua
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬua⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sua¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬua⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sa¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sa
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬa⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬa⁵⁴⁴/

Note:

sua1 - vernacular;
sa1 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soa / sa
  - Tâi-lô: sua / sa
  - Phofsit Daibuun: soaf, saf
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sua⁴⁴/, /sa⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sua³³/, /sa³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sua⁴⁴/, /sa⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sua⁴⁴/, /sa⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sua⁴⁴/, /sa⁴⁴/

Note:

sua - vernacular;
sa - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: sua¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sua
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /sua³³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹so
  - MiniDict: so^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹so
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /so⁵³/

Middle Chinese: srae

Rime
Character	鯊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	所加切
Baxter	srae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨ/
Li Rong	/ʃa/
Wang Li	/ʃa/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saa¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sraːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鯊
Reading #	1/1
No.	11028
Phonetic component	沙
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*sraːl/
Notes	見爾雅：鮀

Definitions

鯊

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a kind of small fish (clarification of this definition is needed)
Synonym: 鮀 / 𬶍 (tuó)
shark

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 鯊魚 (“shark”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		鯊魚, 鯊, 鮫
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	鯊魚
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	鯊魚
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	⿰魚坐魚, 鯊魚
Cantonese	Hong Kong	鯊魚
Cantonese	Taishan	鯊魚
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	鯊魚
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	鯊魚
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	鯊魚
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	鯊魚
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	鯊魚
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	鯊魚
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	鯊魚
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	鯊魚
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	鯊魚, 鯊囝
Southern Min	Xiamen	鯊魚
	Zhao'an	鯊魚
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	鯊魚
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	鯊魚
	Kaohsiung	鯊魚
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	鯊魚
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	鯊魚
	Yilan (Luodong)	鯊魚
	Yilan (Toucheng)	鯊魚
	Changhua (Yongjing)	鯊魚
	Tainan (Anping)	鯊魚
	Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng)	鯊魚
	Penang (Hokkien)	鯊魚
	Singapore (Hokkien)	鯊魚
	Nan'ao (Houzhai)	鯊魚
Wu	Wenzhou	鯊魚

Compounds

公牛鯊 / 公牛鲨 (gōngniúshā)
大白鯊 / 大白鲨 (dàbáishā)
姥鯊 / 姥鲨 (lǎoshā)
星鯊 / 星鲨
虎鯊 / 虎鲨
豆腐鯊 / 豆腐鲨 (dòufushā)
錘頭鯊 / 锤头鲨
鋸鯊 / 锯鲨 (jùshā, “sawshark”)
防鯊網 / 防鲨网 (fángshāwǎng)
雙髻鯊 / 双髻鲨 (shuāngjìshā)
食人鯊 / 食人鲨
鯊烯 / 鲨烯 (shāxī, “squalene”)
鯊魚 / 鲨鱼 (shāyú)
鯊鮀 / 鲨𬶍
鯨鯊 / 鲸鲨 (jīngshā)
鼬鯊 / 鼬鲨 (yòushā, “tiger shark”)

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “鲨”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 203.
William Campbell (1913) A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, pages 590, 643.

Japanese

Kanji

鯊

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: しゃ (sha)
Kan-on: さ (sa)
Kun: はぜ (haze)、さめ (same)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
鯊
はぜ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
沙魚蝦虎魚

From Old Japanese.

Noun

鯊(はぜ) or 鯊(ハゼ) • (haze)

goby

Derived terms

真(ま)鯊(はぜ) (mahaze, “yellowfin goby”)
極楽(ごくらく)鯊(はぜ) (gokurakuhaze, “barcheek goby”)
蚯蚓(みみず)鯊(はぜ) (mimizuhaze, “flat-headed goby”)
跳(とび)鯊(はぜ) (tobihaze, “mudskipper”)

Korean

Hanja

鯊 • (sa) (hangeul 사)

(uncommon) shark