鯉
See also: 鲤
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Translingual
Han character
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Stroke order (Japan) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
鯉 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+7, 18 strokes, cangjie input 弓火田土 (NFWG), four-corner 26314, composition ⿰魚里)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1471, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46182
- Dae Jaweon: page 2003, character 34
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4691, character 9
- Unihan data for U+9BC9
Chinese
| trad. | 鯉 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 鲤 | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (里) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rɯʔ): semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ).
Etymology
Schuessler (2007) considers connection to Proto-Tai *plaːᴬ (“fish”) to be unlikely.
Norman (2014) compares it to Proto-Kam-Tai *mbləi (“carp”), suggesting that it may be an early loan from Chinese; compare Thai ปลาไน (nai, “common carp”), Lakkia [script needed] (-plai⁴, “carp”).
It is also compared to Proto-Hmong-Mien *mbrəuˣ, which Baxter & Sagart (2014) consider to be a borrowing from Chinese into Hmong-Mien, while Jacques (2022b) contends for the reverse loan direction from Proto-Hmong-Mien into Chinese.
See the entry 雙鯉魚 for the figurative senses.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): li3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): li2
- Northern Min (KCR): dì / lǐ
- Eastern Min (BUC): lī
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): li3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6li
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: lǐ
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lǐ
- Wade–Giles: li3
- Yale: lǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lii
- Palladius: ли (li)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ni3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: lei5
- Yale: léih
- Cantonese Pinyin: lei5
- Guangdong Romanization: léi5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lei̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lei4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lei²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lî
- Hakka Romanization System: liˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: li1
- Sinological IPA: /li²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: liˋ
- Sinological IPA: /li⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: li1
- Sinological IPA: /li⁴⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dì / lǐ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti⁴²/, /li²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
Note:
- dì - vernacular;
- lǐ - literary.
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Hsinchu, Kinmen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí
- Tâi-lô: lí
- Phofsit Daibuun: lie
- IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kinmen): /li⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lē
- Tâi-lô: lē
- Phofsit Daibuun: le
- IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /le³³/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lě
- Tâi-lô: lě
- IPA (Lukang): /le³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Sanxia, Yilan, Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi
- Tâi-lô: tāi
- Phofsit Daibuun: dai
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /tai³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /tai²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tai
- Tâi-lô: tai
- Phofsit Daibuun: day
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tai⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Taichung, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tâi
- Tâi-lô: tâi
- Phofsit Daibuun: daai
- IPA (Jinjiang): /tai²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǎi
- Tâi-lô: tǎi
- IPA (Lukang): /tai³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Hsinchu, Kinmen)
- Middle Chinese: liX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-rəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*rɯʔ/
Definitions
鯉
- carp, especially the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
- (literary, figuratively) letter; correspondence
- (literary, figuratively) messenger
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 鯉魚 (“carp”) [map]
Compounds
- 乘鯉 / 乘鲤
- 九鯉湖 / 九鲤湖
- 冰鯉 / 冰鲤
- 剖鯉 / 剖鲤
- 孔鯉過庭 / 孔鲤过庭
- 尺鯉 / 尺鲤
- 控鯉 / 控鲤
- 文鯉 / 文鲤
- 朱砂鯉 / 朱砂鲤
- 朱鯉 / 朱鲤
- 江鯉 / 江鲤
- 炰鱉膾鯉 / 炰鳖脍鲤
- 烹鯉 / 烹鲤
- 王字鯉 / 王字鲤
- 琴高乘鯉 / 琴高乘鲤
- 素鯉 / 素鲤
- 脂鯉 / 脂鲤 (zhīlǐ)
- 臥冰求鯉 / 卧冰求鲤
- 角鯉 / 角鲤
- 贈鯉 / 赠鲤
- 赤鯉 / 赤鲤
- 赬鯉 / 赪鲤
- 躍鯉 / 跃鲤
- 遺鯉 / 遗鲤
- 錦鯉 / 锦鲤 (jǐnlǐ)
- 陵鯉 / 陵鲤
- 雙鯉 / 双鲤 (shuānglǐ)
- 雙鯉魚 / 双鲤鱼 (shuānglǐyú)
- 駕鯉 / 驾鲤
- 騎赤鯉 / 骑赤鲤
- 鯉子 / 鲤子
- 鯉對 / 鲤对
- 鯉庭 / 鲤庭
- 鯉書 / 鲤书
- 鯉溪 / 鲤溪 (Lǐxī)
- 鯉簰 / 鲤簰
- 鯉素 / 鲤素
- 鯉腸 / 鲤肠
- 鯉趨 / 鲤趋
- 鯉風 / 鲤风
- 鯉魚 / 鲤鱼 (lǐyú)
- 鯉魚風 / 鲤鱼风
- 鯪鯉 / 鲮鲤 (línglǐ)
- 鰻鯉 / 鳗鲤
- 鱸鯉 / 鲈鲤
- 鴻消鯉息 / 鸿消鲤息
- 黃鯉 / 黄鲤
- 龍鯉 / 龙鲤 (lónglǐ)
References
- “鯉”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “鲤”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 164.
Japanese
Kanji
鯉
Readings
Compounds
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鯉 |
| こい Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
/ko1pi1/ → /kopi/ → /kofi/ → */kowi/ → /koi/
From Old Japanese, attested in the Nihon Shoki.
Pronunciation
Noun
鯉 or 鯉 • (koi) ←こひ (kofi) or コヒ (kofi)?
- carp, specifically, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Usage notes
- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as コイ (koi).
Synonyms
- カープ (kāpu)
- こ文字 (komoji, nyōbō kotoba)
Derived terms
See also
- 青魚 (aōo, “black carp”)
- 黒鰱 (kokuren, “bighead carp”)
- 鯱, 鯱鉾 (shachihoko)
- 草魚 (sōgyo, “grass carp”)
- 白鰱 (hakuren), 鰱魚 (rengyo, “silver carp”)
- 鮒 (funa, “crucian carp”)
- 腸香 (wataka)
Proper noun
- a surname
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
鯉 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
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Vietnamese
Han character
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